Does cortical bone thickness in the last sacral vertebra differ among tail types in primates?

Nishimura, Abigail C; Russo, Gabrielle A.

doi:10.1002/ajpa.23167

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 83 publications

(118 reference statements)

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“…Using a pilot data subset, a power analysis (PS v3.0.43; Dupont and Plummer, ) of two trabecular bone variables that highly influence trabecular bone strength (degree of anisotropy and bone volume fraction; Goldstein et al, ; Turner et al ; Turner, ; Ulrich et al ) indicated that six sacra per species afforded the power to detect a 20% difference between taxon means ( p < 0.05). Previous studies have found that statistically significant differences among trabecular variables can be detected using comparable numbers of primate individuals (e.g., MacLatchy and Müller, , n = 5 per group; Ryan and Ketcham, , n = 1–10 per group), and the present primate CT sample has been shown to significantly differ in measures of trabecular (Russo, ) and cortical (Nishimura and Russo, ) bone structure in the distal sacrum in relation to tail length and prehensility. While this study aimed to examine at least six sacra per taxon (Table ), sufficient museum material was not always available and some sacra had to be excluded from analyses because scans revealed internal bone damage (see also Russo, ; Russo, ; Nishimura and Russo, ).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Previous studies have found that statistically significant differences among trabecular variables can be detected using comparable numbers of primate individuals (e.g., MacLatchy and Müller, , n = 5 per group; Ryan and Ketcham, , n = 1–10 per group), and the present primate CT sample has been shown to significantly differ in measures of trabecular (Russo, ) and cortical (Nishimura and Russo, ) bone structure in the distal sacrum in relation to tail length and prehensility. While this study aimed to examine at least six sacra per taxon (Table ), sufficient museum material was not always available and some sacra had to be excluded from analyses because scans revealed internal bone damage (see also Russo, ; Russo, ; Nishimura and Russo, ).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 64%

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Trabecular Bone Structural Variation in the Proximal Sacrum Among Primates

Russo

2018

The Anatomical Record

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The sacrum occupies a functionally important anatomical position as part of the pelvic girdle and vertebral column. Sacral orientation and external morphology in modern humans are distinct from those in other primates and compatible with the demands of habitual bipedal locomotion. Among nonhuman primates, however, how sacral anatomy relates to positional behaviors is less clear. As an alternative to evaluation of the sacrum's external morphology, this study assesses if the sacrum's internal morphology (i.e., trabecular bone) differs among extant primates. The primary hypothesis tested is that trabecular bone parameters with established functional relevance will differ in the first sacral vertebra (S1) among extant primates that vary in positional behaviors. Results for analyses of individual variables demonstrate that bone volume fraction, degree of anisotropy, trabecular number, and size-corrected trabecular thickness differ among primates grouped by positional behaviors to some extent, but not always in ways consistent with functional expectations. When examined as a suite, these trabecular parameters distinguish obligate bipeds from other positional behavior groups; and, the latter three trabecular bone variables further distinguish knuckle-walking terrestrial quadrupeds from manual suspensor-brachiators, vertical clingers and leapers, and arboreal quadrupeds, as well as between arboreal and terrestrial quadrupeds. As in other regions of the skeleton in modern humans, trabecular bone in S1 exhibits distinctively low bone volume fraction. Results from this study of extant primate S1 trabecular bone structural variation provide a functional context for interpretations concerning the positional behaviors of extinct primates based on internal sacral morphology. Anat Rec, 302:1354-1371, 2019.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 64%

Trabecular Bone Structural Variation in the Proximal Sacrum Among Primates

Russo

2018

The Anatomical Record

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“…While the cofounders of the DLC, Dr. John Buettner-Janusch and Dr. Peter Klopfer, ran research programs focused on genetics and behaviour respectively, the DLC's unique resources have provided data for a wide variety of scientific fields, including anatomy and physiology [e.g., [3][4][5][6], social ecology [e.g., [7][8], cognition [e.g., 9-10, biomechanics [e.g., [11][12], molecular biology [e.g., [13][14], and palaeontology [e.g., [15][16][17][18]. The importance and rarity of the animals housed at the DLC necessitates thorough and effective use in educational and research initiatives, and this spirit of efficiency extends to treatment of deceased individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A digital collection of rare and endangered lemurs and other primates from the Duke Lemur Center

et al. 2019

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Scientific study of lemurs, a group of primates found only on Madagascar, is crucial for understanding primate evolution. Unfortunately, lemurs are among the most endangered animals in the world, so there is a strong impetus to maximize as much scientific data as possible from available physical specimens. MicroCT scanning efforts at Duke University have resulted in scans of more than 100 strepsirrhine cadavers representing 18 species from the Duke Lemur Center. An error study of the microCT scanner recovered less than 0.3% error at multiple resolution levels. Scans include specimen overviews and focused, high-resolution selections of complex anatomical regions (e.g., cranium, hands, feet). Scans have been uploaded to MorphoSource, an online digital repository for 3D data. As captive (but free ranging) individuals, these specimens have a wealth of associated information that is largely unavailable for wild populations, including detailed life history data. This digital collection maximizes the information obtained from rare and endangered animals with minimal degradation of the original specimens.

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Does cortical bone thickness in the last sacral vertebra differ among tail types in primates?

Abstract: Results indicate that, in the context of phylogenetic clade, measures of cortical bone cross-sectional thickness can be used to allocate extinct primate species to tail type categories.

Cited by 2 publications

References 83 publications

Trabecular Bone Structural Variation in the Proximal Sacrum Among Primates

Trabecular Bone Structural Variation in the Proximal Sacrum Among Primates

A digital collection of rare and endangered lemurs and other primates from the Duke Lemur Center

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