Does depressed mood moderate the influence of drive for thinness and muscularity on eating disorder symptoms among college men?

Grossbard, Joel R.; Atkins, David C.; Geisner, Irene M.; Larimer, Mary E.

doi:10.1037/a0028913

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…These include sexual orientation (Marino Carper et al, 2010); relationship status (Giles & Close, 2008); athletic involvement (Steinfeldt et al, 2011); peer pressure an social comparisons (Karazsia & Crowther, 2009); self-objectification (Daniel & Bridges, 2010;Smolak & Murnen, 2008); and depressive symptoms (Grossbard, Atkins, Geisner & Larimer, 2013). In order to more fully understand the development of men's body image concerns, further research is now needed to examine the relative influence of these factors and how they may also mediate and/or moderate the relationships demonstrated in this study.…”

Section: Limitations and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although men generally have a desire to be more muscular, there are also men who desire to be thinner (Kelley, Neufeld, & Musher-Eizenman, 2010). This desire for a thin and slender body is referred to as 'Drive for Thinness' (DT) (Garner, 2002;Grossbard, Atkins, Geisner, & Larimer, 2013). Additionally, Smolak and Murnen (2008) defined another component that has been termed 'Drive for Leanness' (DL), which is described as a desire for a lean body with well-defined muscles and low body fat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Media internalization and conformity to traditional masculine norms in relation to body image concerns among men

et al. 2015

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Previous studies have separately examined conformity to masculine norms and internalization of body ideals in the media in relation to the drive for muscularity (DM). This study was designed to examine these factors together in relation to DM, and further examine how they may differ in relation to drive for thinness (DT) and drive for leanness (DL).Participants were 284 Australian males between ages 18 to 42. They completed validated measures that assessed DM, DT, DL, male gender role norms, and internalization of body ideals. The findings showed that internalization of body ideals mediated the relationship between masculine role norms and body image in the case of both DM and DL. However, masculine norms and internalization were independent predictors of DT. Our findings contribute to further understanding of the roles that the media and masculine norms have in shaping men's drive for muscularity, leanness, and thinness. Longitudinal research is needed to confirm the nature and direction of these relationships.

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Section: Limitations and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Media internalization and conformity to traditional masculine norms in relation to body image concerns among men

et al. 2015

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“…Although there are men who experience a high drives for muscularity such as those with MD (Grossbard et al, 2012), some other men experience a high drives for thinness (Kelley, Neufeld, & Musher-Eizenman, 2010;Krane, Choi, Baird, Aimar, & Kauer, 2004). Men falling into either of these categories have higher rates of body preoccupation and compulsivity suggesting that these constructs can be mutually inclusive.…”

Section: Characteristics and Manifestations Of Muscle Dysmorphiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is not surprising that OCD has been identified as a comorbid disorder of BDD and MD. Additional psychological risk factors for MD include low self-esteem, body dissatisfaction, drive for muscularity, and eating disorders (Grossbard, Atkins, Geisner, & Larimer, 2012). Nevertheless, most of the psychological research in MD is correlational in nature therefore cannot infer causal relationships.…”

Section: Increasing Evidence For Muscle Dysmorphiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Men falling into either of these categories have higher rates of body preoccupation and compulsivity suggesting that these constructs can be mutually inclusive. Men with MD also characteristically perceive a substantial discrepancy between their desired and actual bodies accompanied by body and muscularity dissatisfaction (Grossbard et al, 2012;Olivardia, Pope, Boroweicki, & Cohan, 2004), body distortion, and muscle belittlement (Olivardia et al, 2004). …”

Section: Characteristics and Manifestations Of Muscle Dysmorphiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social Physique Anxiety and Muscle Dysmorphia

Dobersek¹

2017

Applied Exercise Psychology

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Social physique anxiety (SPA) and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) have the body as a common denominator. These constructs both involve concerns with either others or one's own perceptions about the body or specific physical features; SPA involves concern about the evaluation of others while BDD involves concern over self-perceptions. This chapter provides definitions and information on diagnostic and statistical elements of SPA, BDD, and muscle dysmorphia (MD) which is a particular type of BDD. Psychological, physiological, and environmental factors implicated in the experience of these constructs are outlined as well as potential co-morbidities. Despite the wide range of physical and psychological benefits derived from exercise and physical activity, evidence suggests that these involvements can have negative effects for some individuals with SPA and MD. Consulting, counseling, and pharmacological strategies for addressing SPA and MD are outlined including commentary on cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), antidepressants (e.g., selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), and a combination thereof.In this chapter we first provide commentary on the theoretical background of the mechanisms that play an essential role in development of SPA and MD among exercisers and physically active individuals. Main topics and associated concepts are introduced in vignettes to illustrate experiences of SPA and MD, and how they relate to exercise and physical activity. We then describe variables that have been linked to SPA and MD, including potential causes, moderators, mediators, and other correlates. Finally, we provide theoretically grounded recommendations for the professionals working with the physically active individuals who 2 portray symptoms of SPA and/or MD and provide suggested readings for further exploration in the area. Anna's Experiences: Social Physique AnxietyAnna, a 25-year old high-school teacher, felt that she was an attractive woman except, perhaps, for a few "extra" pounds. She decided that joining the fitness center to more regularly engage in exercise would put her on the path to losing those extra pounds. Anna had second thoughts, when it came time to start her membership. She started worrying that everyone in the gym would stare at her heft and that she would make a fool of herself because of her lack of knowledge on how to operate the machines. Even the thought of going to the gym started causing her to break out in a sweat, get flush, and have a racing heart. Sally, Anna's best friend, realized the distress Anna was experiencing and offered to come along to support her during her workouts. Although she still felt uneasy and anxious, she was able to get over her fears enough to attend her very first session at the gym. She still, however, felt as though she was "on display"and that everyone was critiquing her size and shape. Even so, her motivation and social support allowed her to make three workouts per week until she had finally lost 10lbs. Sally recognized Anna's progress by saying: "You look amazing! I...

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Transactions among thinness expectancies, depression, and binge eating in the prediction of adolescent weight control behaviors

Ortiz

Davis

Smith

2019

Intl J Eating Disorders

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Objective: Binge eating, the transdiagnostic risk associated with depression, and the eating disorder-specific risk associated with expectancies for reinforcement from thinness have been identified as risk factors for the development of weight control behaviors. The purpose of this study was to examine if these risk factors transact to further predict risk in youth.Method: Binge eating, depressive symptoms, thinness expectancies, and weight control behaviors were assessed in 1,758 adolescents three times during the transitional period between middle school and high school. We tested six different possible transactional processes.Results: Mediation tests demonstrated that both 8th grade binge eating and 8th grade depressive symptoms predicted 10th grade weight control behaviors through their predictive influence on thinness expectancies in 9th grade. However, our results were not consistent with a mediational process in which 8th grade thinness expectancies predicted 9th grade depression to further predict 10th grade weight control behaviors. No interactions among binge eating, depressive symptoms, or thinness expectancies predicted weight control. Results did not differ between girls and boys.Discussion: Thinness expectancies appear to mediate the predictive influence of binge eating and depressive symptoms on risk for engaging in weight control behaviors. These results add to theoretical understanding of risk and suggests potential intervention pathways for clinicians. K E Y W O R D Sbinge eating, depression, expectancy, thinness, weight control

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Does depressed mood moderate the influence of drive for thinness and muscularity on eating disorder symptoms among college men?

Cited by 25 publications

References 46 publications

Media internalization and conformity to traditional masculine norms in relation to body image concerns among men

Media internalization and conformity to traditional masculine norms in relation to body image concerns among men

Social Physique Anxiety and Muscle Dysmorphia

Transactions among thinness expectancies, depression, and binge eating in the prediction of adolescent weight control behaviors

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