Does developmental prosopagnosia impair identification of other-ethnicity faces?

Cenac, Zarus; Biotti, Federica; Gray, Katie; Cook, Richard

doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2019.04.007

Cited by 17 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…These results, as well as results of our item difficulty analyses showing high correspondence between easier and difficult items in DPs and controls, suggest that DPs' face-space has a similar layout to that of controls, but DPs face-space may be more densely clustered or have fewer dimensions (Cenac, Biotti, Gray, & Cook, 2019). Thus, the recollection signal typically cued by perceptual distinctiveness may be slightly weaker in DPs due to the potentially dense clustering of the face representations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Characterizing developmental prosopagnosia beyond face perception: Impaired recollection but intact familiarity recognition

Stumps

Saad

Rothlein

et al. 2020

Cortex

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Converging lines of research suggests that many developmental prosopagnosics (DPs) have impairments beyond face perception, but currently no framework exists to characterize these impaired mechanisms. One potential extra-perceptual deficit is that DPs encode/retrieve faces in a distinct manner from controls that does not sufficiently support individuation. To test this possibility, 30 DPs and 30 matched controls performed an old/new face recognition task while providing confidence ratings, to which a model-based ROC analysis was applied. DPs had significantly reduced recollection compared to controls, driven by fewer 'high-confidence target' responses, but intact familiarity. Recollection and face perception ability uniquely predicted objective and subjective prosopagnosia symptoms, together explaining 51% and 56% of the variance, respectively. These results suggest that a specific deficit in face recollection in DP may represent a core aspect of the difficulty in confidently identifying an individual by their face.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Characterizing developmental prosopagnosia beyond face perception: Impaired recollection but intact familiarity recognition

Stumps

Saad

Rothlein

et al. 2020

Cortex

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Whole-face sequences presented a single static face in its entirety for 480ms (Figure 1c). Faces were presented briefly in this condition to prevent observers employing a protracted serial analysis of the local features; for example observers who are thought be reliant on trivial local cues (e.g., developmental prosopagnosics) find this kind of presentation duration particularly challenging (Biotti & Cook, 2016;Cenac, Biotti, Gray, & Cook, 2019). Aperture sequences depicted a viewing window moving over the facial image with a vertical directionality (Figure 1d), either starting at the top and moving downwards, or starting at the bottom and moving upwards.…”

Section: Figure-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Observers who are reliant on this kind of analysis (e.g. cases of developmental or acquired prosopagnosia) therefore find brief presentation durations extremely challenging (Biotti & Cook, 2016;Biotti et al, 2019;Cenac et al, 2019). The fact that typical observers exhibit good discrimination and categorisation of briefly presented (upright) faces has been widely attributed to rapid, efficient holistic processing (Farah et al, 1998;McKone & Yovel, 2009;Richler, Wong, et al, 2011;Rossion, 2008Rossion, , 2013.…”

Section: Target-face Ambiguity and Holistic Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inverted faces benefit from whole-face processing

2020

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Upright faces are thought to engage holistic processing whereby local regions are integrated into a unified whole for the purposes of rapid, efficient analysis. In contrast, inverted faces are thought to recruit a slower, less-accurate serial analysis of local features. Aperture paradigms, whereby a target face is revealed by a dynamic viewing window that shifts over the stimulus image, offer a compelling test of this view. If upright faces are processed holistically, perceptual judgements ought to be substantially disrupted when stimuli are viewed through apertures. In contrast, aperture viewing should produce little or no decrement in perceptual decisions when judging inverted faces, as they are thought to be subjected to serial feature-based analysis. Here we present four experiments that elucidate the effects of aperture viewing on the perception of upright and inverted faces. In our first two experiments, we find evidence of disproportionate aperture effects for upright faces relative to inverted faces. However, these findings are qualified by the fact that observers found it harder to discriminate inverted faces presented in the 'baseline' whole-face condition. When observers' ability to discriminate faces in the whole-face condition was matched for difficulty (Experiments 3 and 4), we show that upright and inverted faces produce very similar aperture effects. These findings indicate that both upright and inverted faces benefit from whole-face processing and accord with other lines of evidence that faces engage qualitatively similar types of processing in both orientations.

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“…autism, schizophrenia), although co-occurring deficits in object processing are not uncommon 5–7 . The face processing impairments seen in DP appear to affect the perception of both same- and other-ethnicity faces 8 . Current estimates suggest that ~2% of the general population may experience lifelong face recognition difficulties severe enough to disrupt their daily lives 9,10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The discrimination of facial sex in developmental prosopagnosia

Marsh

Biotti

Cook

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Developmental prosopagnosia (DP) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by difficulties recognising and discriminating faces. It is currently unclear whether the perceptual impairments seen in DP are restricted to identity information, or also affect the perception of other facial characteristics. To address this question, we compared the performance of 17 DPs and matched controls on two sensitive sex categorisation tasks. First, in a morph categorisation task, participants made binary decisions about faces drawn from a morph continuum that blended incrementally an average male face and an average female face. We found that judgement precision was significantly lower in the DPs than in the typical controls. Second, we used a sex discrimination task, where female or male facial identities were blended with an androgynous average face. We manipulated the relative weighting of each facial identity and the androgynous average to create four levels of signal strength. We found that DPs were significantly less sensitive than controls at each level of difficulty. Together, these results suggest that the visual processing difficulties in DP extend beyond the extraction of facial identity and affects the extraction of other facial characteristics. Deficits of facial sex categorisation accord with an apperceptive characterisation of DP.

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Does developmental prosopagnosia impair identification of other-ethnicity faces?

Cited by 17 publications

References 56 publications

Characterizing developmental prosopagnosia beyond face perception: Impaired recollection but intact familiarity recognition

Characterizing developmental prosopagnosia beyond face perception: Impaired recollection but intact familiarity recognition

Inverted faces benefit from whole-face processing

The discrimination of facial sex in developmental prosopagnosia

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