Does Difference in Physical Activity Between Blacks and Whites Vary by Sex, Income, Education, and Region of Residence? Results from 2008 to 2017 National Health Interview Surveys

Siahpush, Mohammad; Robbins, Regina E; Ramos, Athena K.; Michaud, Tzeyu L.; Clarke, Martina A.; King, Keyonna M.

doi:10.1007/s40615-019-00586-9

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…In addition, our data suggest that the prevalence of PDM and GDM is increasing among NH White, NH Black, and Hispanic hospitalized mothers. These findings correlate with increasing trends in risk factors for DM such as obesity, inactivity, and hypertension observed among specific racial/ethnic minority women 25–30 . Another possible contributing factor is an increase in advanced maternal age pregnancies 31–33 …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Pregnancy-Associated Diabetes Mellitus and Stillbirths by Race and Ethnicity among Hospitalized Pregnant Women in the United States

Atkinson

Dongarwar

Mercado-Evans

et al. 2022

Southern Medical Journal

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Objectives: Racial disparities in preexisting diabetes mellitus (PDM) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remain largely unexplored. We examined national PDM and GDM prevalence trends by race/ ethnicity and the association between these conditions and fetal death.Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 69,539,875 pregnancy-related hospitalizations from 2002 to 2017 including 674,040 women with PDM (1.0%) and 2,960,797 (4.3%) with GDM from the US Nationwide Inpatient Sample Survey. Joinpoint regression was used to evaluate trends in prevalence. Survey logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between exposures (PDM and GDM) and outcome.Results: Overall, the average annual increase in prevalence was 5.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.2-6.2) for GDM and 1.0% (95% CI −0.1 to 2.0) for PDM, during the study period. Hispanic (average annual percentage change 5.3, 95% CI 3.6 − 7.1) and non-Hispanic Black (average annual percentage change 0.9, 95% CI 0.1 − 1.7) women had the highest average annual percentage increase in the prevalence of GDM and PDM, respectively. After adjustment, the odds of stillbirth were highest for Hispanic women with PDM (odds ratio 2.41, 95% CI 2.23-2.60) and decreased for women with GDM (odds ratio 0.51, 95% CI 0.50-0.53), irrespective of race/ethnicity.Conclusions: PDM and GDM prevalence is increasing in the United States, with the highest average annual percentage changes seen among minority women. Furthermore, the reasons for the variation in the occurrence of stillbirths among mothers with PDM and GDM by race/ethnicity are not clear and warrant additional research.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Pregnancy-Associated Diabetes Mellitus and Stillbirths by Race and Ethnicity among Hospitalized Pregnant Women in the United States

Atkinson

Dongarwar

Mercado-Evans

et al. 2022

Southern Medical Journal

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“…The economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States and elsewhere have been well documented (33,34). Previous studies have shown that those with low incomes already face health disparities in regard to meeting guidelines for PA and healthy eating (35,36). Many studies have now shown that the COVID-19 pandemic has had significant effects on both PA and eating behaviors (7,16,18,37–39), and our results now suggest that the current situation is widening existing income-related disparities in health behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Protecting against a Decline in Physical Activity during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Fearnbach

Flanagan

Höchsmann

et al. 2021

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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PurposeThe spread of COVID-19 and the associated stay-at-home orders and shutdowns of gyms and fitness centers have drastically influenced health behaviors leading to widespread reductions in physical activity (PA). The recent Call to Action from the American College of Sports Medicine has promoted “innovative strategies to promote PA during the COVID-19 pandemic.” We aimed to identify individual-level factors that protected against declines in PA levels amid the COVID-19 restrictions.MethodsWe used the Pennington Biomedical COVID-19 Health Behaviors Survey for our analyses and used mixed-effect linear and generalized linear models to estimate the effects of individual-level factors on changes in PA levels during the COVID-19 restrictions.ResultsParticipants (n = 4376) provided information on PA behaviors before and during the COVID-19 shutdown. Overall, PA levels declined by a mean ± SD of 112 ± 1460 MET·min·wk−1 during the COVID-19 shutdown; however, changes in PA were heterogeneous, with 55% of the participants reporting increases in or maintenance of PA during that time. Several social and demographic factors were significantly related to declines in PA, including high prepandemic PA levels, living alone (difference = 118 MET·min·wk−1), low household income (difference between the highest and the lowest income group = 363 MET·min·wk−1), COVID-19-related changes in income (difference = 110 MET·min·wk−1), and loss of employment (difference = 168 MET·min·wk−1). The substitution of prepandemic gym attendance with the purchase and use of home exercise equipment or exercise through virtual fitness platforms promoted increases in PA during the COVID-19 shutdown.ConclusionsWhile promoting PA through the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to consider demographic factors, which greatly influence health behaviors and implementation of, and access to, replacement behaviors. The promotion of such strategies could help maintain PA levels during potential future stay-at-home orders.

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“…Additionally, people with lower socio-economic statuses are less aware of their own health problems than those with higher statuses, resulting in reduced participation in physical activity (Prentice, 2006). It is widely acknowledged that sex, age, income, and psychological variables can predict physical activity (Hwang and Kim, 2017;Siahpush et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding of Physical Activity in Social Ecological Perspective: Application of Multilevel Model

Lee

Park

2021

Front. Psychol.

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In the social ecological model, personal characteristics are important determinants of health behaviors, however, multi-dimensional approaches that consider social and physical environments must be utilized to gain a broader picture. Accordingly, this study examines the effects of personal, social, and physical environment variables as factors affecting levels of physical activity (METs). Our findings are based on 72,916 responses from the 2015 Community Health Survey in South Korea. Individual characteristics considered included sex, education level, marital status, age, and income. The social environment variables considered were trust between neighbors and the social network with neighbors. The physical environment variables were satisfaction with living environment and satisfaction with public transportation. The analysis was conducted using a multilevel model in order to accurately consider the characteristic differences of the variables. Regarding personal characteristics, sex, education level, and age have a significant effect on physical activity. Of the social and physical environment variables, social network with neighbors and satisfaction with public transportation have a significant effect on physical activity. This study confirms that a macroscopic understanding is needed to explain individual levels of physical activity; the results of this study will be helpful for public health interventions concerning physical activity.

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Does Difference in Physical Activity Between Blacks and Whites Vary by Sex, Income, Education, and Region of Residence? Results from 2008 to 2017 National Health Interview Surveys

Cited by 10 publications

References 50 publications

Pregnancy-Associated Diabetes Mellitus and Stillbirths by Race and Ethnicity among Hospitalized Pregnant Women in the United States

Pregnancy-Associated Diabetes Mellitus and Stillbirths by Race and Ethnicity among Hospitalized Pregnant Women in the United States

Factors Protecting against a Decline in Physical Activity during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Understanding of Physical Activity in Social Ecological Perspective: Application of Multilevel Model

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