“…Most of the studies, according Phouphet Kyophilavong, Keiichi Ogawa, Byoungki Kim, Khamlusa Nouansavanh (2018), have reported that there is Granger causality running from education to economic growth. For that *Address correspondence to this author at the School for Professional Studies in Education/COMBER Research Niche Area, Faculty of Education, North-West University, Mafikeng, 2735, South Africa; Tel: + 27-18-3892208; Fax: +27 -18-3892038; E-mail: Akpovire.Oduaran@nwu.ac.za # Being an adapted version of a paper presented at the Annual Conference American Association for Adult and Continuing Education (AAACE), held at the Marriot Hotel, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, USA, October 1-5, 2018. matter, the studies by De Meulemeester and Rochat (1995), for example, found that there is unidirectional Granger causality running from higher education enrolment to economic growth in Sweden, the UK, Japan, and France (Kyophilavong, Ogawa, Kim, Nouansavanh, 2018). The study by Narayan and Smyth (2004) found unidirectional Granger causality running from human capital to economic growth in China, and that by Grabowski (2003) has reported a causality running from primary, secondary, and tertiary education to growth in Japan.…”