Does fluoride exposure affect thyroid function? A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis

Iamandii, Inga; De Pasquale, Lisa; Giannone, Maria Edvige; Veneri, Federica; Generali, Luigi; Consolo, Ugo; Birnbaum, Linda S.; Castenmiller, Jacqueline; Halldorsson, Thorhallur I.; Filippini, Tommaso; Vinceti, Marco

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2023.117759

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…This suggests that ozone may be a valid alternative to professionally applied topical fluoride products in very young or uncooperative patients, where accidental ingestion may occur [ 55 ]. It should be considered that early excessive exposure to fluoride has been associated, albeit controversially, with a number of potential adverse health effects and its use may be opposed by some parents or caregivers [ 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone Treatment for the Management of Caries in Primary Dentition: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies

Veneri,

Filippini,

Consolo

et al. 2024

Dentistry Journal

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Dental caries in children is a frequent and debilitating condition, whose management is often challenging. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effectiveness of ozone applications for the treatment of caries in primary dentition. According to PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature search was performed up to 6 January 2024. Clinical studies using ozone to treat caries of deciduous teeth were considered for inclusion. Out of the 215 records retrieved, seven studies were eventually included in the review, all of which used gaseous ozone. Four studies were judged at high risk of bias, two at low risk, and one of some concerns. The great heterogeneity of designs, outcomes, and protocols made it impossible to conduct a meta-analysis. Despite some limitations, the evidence yielded by the included studies suggests that ozone application, regardless of the protocol applied, is comparable to other interventions in terms of clinical outcomes and anti-bacterial activity, with no reported adverse effects and good patient acceptance. Therefore, ozone application may be a non-invasive approach to treat caries in primary dentition, especially in very young and poorly cooperative patients. Further standardized and rigorous studies are, however, needed to identify the best clinical protocols for this specific field.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone Treatment for the Management of Caries in Primary Dentition: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies

Veneri,

Filippini,

Consolo

et al. 2024

Dentistry Journal

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“…For open categories where the lower of the upper 95% bound was missing, we entered a value that was 20% higher or lower than the closest cut point. [17][18][19] In addition to the overall analysis, we carried out subgroup analyses by stratifying for sex, geographic region, and ethnicity, whenever possible. We conducted sensitivity analyses that excluded studies that were categorized as being at high risk of bias, those using different cutoffs for definition of hypertension or not reporting such criteria, and studies in which smoking was not included in the multivariate model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol Intake and Risk of Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Nonexperimental Cohort Studies

Cecchini,

Filippini,

Whelton

et al. 2024

Hypertension

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BACKGROUND: Alcohol consumption has been associated with higher blood pressure and an increased risk of hypertension. However, the possible exposure thresholds and effect-modifiers are uncertain. METHODS: We assessed the dose-response relationship between usual alcohol intake and hypertension incidence in nonexperimental cohort studies. After performing a systematic literature search through February 20, 2024, we retrieved 23 eligible studies. We computed risk ratios and 95% CI of hypertension incidence using a nonlinear meta-analytic model based on restricted cubic splines, to assess the dose-response association with alcohol consumption. RESULTS: We observed a positive and almost linear association between alcohol intake and hypertension risk with risk ratios of 0.89 (0.84–0.94), 1.11 (1.07–1.15), 1.22 (1.14–1.30), and 1.33 (1.18–1.49) for 0, 24, 36 and 48 g/d, respectively, using 12 g alcohol/d as the reference value. In sex-specific analyses, the association was almost linear in men over the entire range of exposure but only observed above 12 g/d in women, although with a steeper association at high levels of consumption compared with men. The increased risk of hypertension above 12 to 24 g alcohol/d was similar in Western and Asian populations and considerably greater in Whites than in Blacks, mainly due to the positive association in women at moderate-to-high intake. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our results lend support to a causal association between alcohol consumption and risk of hypertension, especially above an alcohol intake of 12 g/d, and are consistent with recommendations to avoid or limit alcohol intake. Sex and ethnicity appear to be major effect-modifiers of such association.

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“…Fluoride is an abundant environmental agent with proven neurotoxic effects. It is naturally present in water and foods such as grains, fish, meat, milk, and tea [17][18][19], as well as in artificially enriched products such as fluoridated salt (0.25 mg fluoride per gram of salt) [17]. In many European countries, the level of fluoride in tap water must not be higher than 1.5 mg/L and is usually estimated to be between 0.3-0.7 mg/L [17], while a liter of mineral water may hold up to 5 mg of F − [17,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Prenatal and Neonatal Fluoride Exposure to Morphine-Induced Neuroinflammation

Kupnicka,

Listos,

Tarnowski

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Physical dependence is associated with the formation of neuroadaptive changes in the central nervous system (CNS), both at the molecular and cellular levels. Various studies have demonstrated the immunomodulatory and proinflammatory properties of morphine. The resulting neuroinflammation in drug dependence exacerbates substance abuse-related behaviors and increases morphine tolerance. Studies prove that fluoride exposure may also contribute to the development of neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative changes. Morphine addiction is a major social problem. Neuroinflammation increases tolerance to morphine, and neurodegenerative effects caused by fluoride in structures related to the development of dependence may impair the functioning of neuronal pathways, change the concentration of neurotransmitters, and cause memory and learning disorders, which implies this element influences the development of dependence. Therefore, our study aimed to evaluate the inflammatory state of selected brain structures in morphine-dependent rats pre-exposed to fluoride, including changes in cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression as well as microglial and astroglial activity via the evaluation of Iba1 and GFAP expression. We provide evidence that both morphine administration and fluoride exposure have an impact on the inflammatory response by altering the expression of COX-1, COX-2, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule (Iba1), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in brain structures involved in dependence development, such as the prefrontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and cerebellum. We observed that the expression of COX-1 and COX-2 in morphine-dependent rats is influenced by prior fluoride exposure, and these changes vary depending on the specific brain region. Additionally, we observed active astrogliosis, as indicated by increased GFAP expression, in all brain structures of morphine-dependent rats, regardless of fluoride exposure. Furthermore, the effect of morphine on Iba1 expression varied across different brain regions, and fluoride pre-exposure may influence microglial activation. However, it remains unclear whether these changes are a result of the direct or indirect actions of morphine and fluoride on the factors analyzed.

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Does fluoride exposure affect thyroid function? A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis

Cited by 10 publications

References 75 publications

Ozone Treatment for the Management of Caries in Primary Dentition: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies

Ozone Treatment for the Management of Caries in Primary Dentition: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies

Alcohol Intake and Risk of Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Nonexperimental Cohort Studies

The Effect of Prenatal and Neonatal Fluoride Exposure to Morphine-Induced Neuroinflammation

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