Does forgiving in a collectivistic culture affect only decisions to forgive and not emotions? REACH forgiveness collectivistic in Indonesia

Kurniati, Ni Made Taganing; Worthington, Everett L.; Widyarini, Nilam; Citra, Ajeng Furida; Dwiwardani, Carissa

doi:10.1002/ijop.12648

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Furthermore, several other studies have evaluated the REACH Forgiveness program using 6 to 13 h in-person trainings, downloadable workbooks, and online materials. Although the mode of delivery differs, the present psychoeducational groups show findings similar to samples from Australia, Ghana, and Indonesia and mixed foreign students studying in the United States (Worthington et al, 2010;Lin, 2012;Nation et al, 2018;Kurniati et al, 2020;Osei-Tutu et al, 2020). Although the REACH Forgiveness program has been tailored and been shown to be effective with Christians (Lampton et al, 2005;Stratton et al, 2008;Worthington et al, 2010;Greer et al, 2014), the present study also offers the first evidence that a secular REACH Forgiveness program is effective in a largely Hindu sample (with a substantial minority of Muslims).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Furthermore, the REACH Forgiveness methods have been adapted and used effectively in several cultural contexts. Participants from Australia, Ghana, Indonesia, Philippines, and international students studying in the United States have found the REACH Forgiveness method efficacious using intervention methods including 6 to 13 h inperson trainings, downloadable workbooks, and online materials (Worthington et al, 2010;Lin et al, 2014;Nation et al, 2018;Kurniati et al, 2020;Osei-Tutu et al, 2020). Specifically, culturally adapted REACH Forgiveness programs have been found to reliably decrease unforgiveness and increase forgiveness and empathy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, culturally adapted REACH Forgiveness programs have been found to reliably decrease unforgiveness and increase forgiveness and empathy. Sometimes culturally adapting the method has strengthened it (Kurniati et al, 2020), but at other times, it has made no difference (Osei-Tutu et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of the REACH Forgiveness Intervention in Indian College Students

et al. 2020

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The present study investigated the efficacy of the REACH Forgiveness psychoeducation program for the first time in Indian college students and examined theoreticallybased predictors of program response based on the model of relational spirituality and forgiveness. This was an intervention experiment that spanned 5 weeks and included three measurement occasions (weeks 1, 3, 5) and two separate deliveries of the forgiveness intervention (weeks 2 and 4). Participants were N = 124 students at Karnatak University in Darwha, India (100 Hindu; 18 Muslim, 5 Christian, and 1 Jain). This was a manualized, secular intervention led by a trained facilitator in a group, psychoeducational format. Measures included forgiveness and unforgiveness as well as assessments of positive and negative affective states and spirituality. Participants who received immediate forgiveness training showed significant and large positive changes in forgiveness and unforgiveness, as well as, more positive affect and increased selfesteem in contrast to wait-list comparisons. Perceiving one's offender as having a similar spirituality to oneself was a consistent predictor of response to the REACH Forgiveness program. Specifically, perceiving the offender as having a similar spirituality was related to less growth of unforgiveness and more growth in empathy, positive affect, and emotional forgiveness as a result of the psychoeducational program. The REACH Forgiveness psychoeducational approach is efficacious in an Indian college student sample, and some relational spirituality variables are important predictors of response to the program. Future studies should consider the role of Indian culture in promoting forgiveness and possibly tailor the intervention to suit the significant proportions of Hindus and Muslims in India.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of the REACH Forgiveness Intervention in Indian College Students

et al. 2020

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“…Forgiveness was measured using the Emotional Forgiveness Scale of Worthington-Jr. et al (2007) which was later adapted for Indonesia by (Kurniati et al, 2020) for use in their research. The measuring instrument shows good reliability at r = .83 with good construct validity results r = .73.…”

Section: Data Collection Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Forgiveness, gratitude, and the flourishing of emerging adults with divorced parents

Tessy

Setiasih²,

Nanik³

2022

Psikohumaniora J. Penelit. Psikol.

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Parental divorce affects the ability of individuals to flourish. This study aims to determine the relationship between forgiveness and gratitude and the flourishing of emerging adults whose parents have divorced. Voluntary convenience sampling was used to identify respondents (N = 429 emerging adults whose parents had been divorced for at least two years). Data were collected using the Emotional Forgiveness Scale, the Gratitude Questionnaire-Six Item Form, and the PERMA Profiler. Data analysis was performed using multiple regression analysis. The results show that forgiveness and gratitude were significantly associated with flourishing in emerging adults whose parents divorced (R2 = .382, F = 131.634, p .05). The contribution of gratitude (β = 1.299) to flourishing was greater than that of forgiveness (β = .722). Forgiveness and gratitude can predict flourishing in emerging adults whose parents are divorced, in this case, the role of gratitude is greater than forgiveness. Interventions that combine the basis of forgiveness and gratitude can be used to optimize the flourishing of such emerging adults whose parents are divorced.

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“…Although decisional forgiveness might be the initial priority of culturally sensitive forgiveness interventions for Indonesian adults, more thorough processing of interpersonal forgiveness will require an emphasis on emotional forgiveness as well ( Kurniati et al, 2017 ). One promising culturally sensitive forgiveness intervention that has received some support for use with Indonesians is the REACH Forgiveness curriculum modified for collectivistic contexts (i.e., REACH forgiveness collectivistic; Kurniati et al, 2020 ), which attempts to strike a culturally appropriate balance between increasing the likelihood of decisional forgiveness whilst guiding individuals through processing of emotional forgiveness. Further testing and possible refinement of the REACH forgiveness collectivistic intervention is likely to augment preliminary research that has documented evidence of its utility in promoting interpersonal forgiveness among Indonesians.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effects of decisional and emotional forgiveness on distress and well-being: A three-wave study of Indonesian adults

Cook

Kurniati²,

Suwartono³

et al. 2022

Front. Psychol.

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Research suggests that interpersonal forgiveness is beneficial to individual functioning, but few longitudinal studies have explored the independent contributions of decisional and emotional forgiveness to reducing different forms of distress and improving multidimensional well-being. In this three-wave (T1: December 2020; T2: January 2021; T3: February 2021) prospective study of predominantly young Indonesian adults (n = 595), we examined the associations of decisional and emotional forgiveness with three indicators of distress and 10 components of well-being. Applying the outcome-wide analytic template for longitudinal designs, our primary analysis involved estimating two sets of linear regression models (one set for decisional forgiveness and one set for emotional forgiveness) in which the outcomes were regressed on each interpersonal forgiveness process (one outcome at a time). Adjusting for a range of covariates (including prior values of decisional forgiveness, emotional forgiveness, and all 13 outcomes) assessed at T1, decisional forgiveness assessed at T2 was associated with an increase in seven components of well-being (i.e., life satisfaction, physical health, sense of purpose, promote good, delayed gratification, content with relationships, satisfying relationships) approximately 1 month later at T3. In contrast, emotional forgiveness assessed at T2 was associated with an increase in a single component of well-being (i.e., satisfying relationships) assessed at T3. Neither decisional nor emotional forgiveness assessed at T2 showed evidence of associations with any of the subsequent indicators of distress assessed at T3. Our findings suggest that, at least within a principally collectivistic cultural context such as Indonesia, decisional forgiveness in the aftermath of a transgression may have greater short-term benefits for well-being compared to emotional forgiveness. Implications of the findings for research and interventions are discussed.

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Does forgiving in a collectivistic culture affect only decisions to forgive and not emotions? REACH forgiveness collectivistic in Indonesia

Cited by 17 publications

References 25 publications

Efficacy of the REACH Forgiveness Intervention in Indian College Students

Efficacy of the REACH Forgiveness Intervention in Indian College Students

Forgiveness, gratitude, and the flourishing of emerging adults with divorced parents

Differential effects of decisional and emotional forgiveness on distress and well-being: A three-wave study of Indonesian adults

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