“…Conversely, if Tobin’s Q value is lower than 1, it indicates that the stock is under an undervalued condition, which means that management has failed to manage the company’s assets and the potential for low investment growth so that investor interest is low to invest (Campbell and Vera, 2008; Tarigan et al , 2018). The choice of Tobin's Q in our study was motivated, first, by the fact that most prior research on gender diversity had used Tobin's Q as a measure of firm performance (Campbell and Vera, 2008; Carter et al , 2010; Ntim, 2013; Boubaker et al , 2014; Kramaric et al , 2016; Syamsudin et al , 2017; Li and Chen, 2018; Mintah and Schadewitz, 2019; Jiang et al , 2020). Second, Tobin's Q is considered better than other accounting measures, i.e.…”