Does genotypic sex have a direct effect on longevity?

Smith, David W.; Warner, Huber R.

doi:10.1016/0531-5565(89)90001-6

Cited by 37 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Moreover, longevity patterns in L. tityrus varied between sexes, with females living longer than males as is found in many other animals (Smith & Warner 1989;Fox, Bush & Wallin 2003a;Fox, Dublin & Pollitt 2003b; but see Savalli & Fox 1998 for exceptions). Although such a pattern may arise for a number of reasons, males generally appear to sacrifice viability for enhanced sexual performance, whereas females may benefit by investing more in immunity and longevity (Rolff 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Altitudinal and environmental variation in lifespan in the Copper butterfly Lycaena tityrus

Karl

Fischer

2009

Functional Ecology

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Summary1. Variation in longevity within and between natural populations is widespread, and understanding the relative importance of environmental and genetic factors as well as their interactions in mediating such variation is crucial in longevity research. 2. In this study lifespan of adult copper butterflies was examined in relation to altitude, temperature (20 and 27°C), sex and adult feeding. 3. As expected, longevity increased with decreasing temperature, and sucrose-fed butterflies had longer lifespans compared to water-fed and finally non-fed individuals. The impact of feeding, especially of having access to water or not, was larger at the higher compared to the lower temperature. 4. Regarding altitudinal patterns, increased lifespan in high-altitude populations was largely restricted to beneficial feeding conditions, while under carbohydrate deprivation low-altitude animals lived longer, suggesting that low-altitude butterflies do better under food stress. 5. Differences in longevity between sexes were small at 20°C, while females lived substantially longer than males at the higher temperature. Consequently, females may be less susceptible to high temperature stress than males. Further, males suffered more from food stress than females, suggesting that females are generally more stress resistant than males. 6. Using a full factorial design, this study demonstrates that variation in longevity is caused by several factors, and additionally by substantial interactive effects. Consequently, patterns of variation in longevity are complex, and one needs to be cautious when neglecting this source of variation, by focussing on individual factors only.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Altitudinal and environmental variation in lifespan in the Copper butterfly Lycaena tityrus

Karl

Fischer

2009

Functional Ecology

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“…Some of these differences result from differences in male and female structural, physiological, endocrinological, and immunological systems (Hazzard 1990). These include vulnerability from the effects of deleterious recessive genes on the X chromosome whose effects are exposed because there are no corresponding genes on a paired chromosome as there are for females, who have two X chromosomes (Smith and Warner 1989). Other factors include the deleterious effects of testosterone on immune function (Hazzard 1990;Owens 2002); the physiological costs of large body sizes (Owens 2002); higher parasite load (Moore and Wilson 2002); and the absence of beneficial effects of female sex hormones, such as estrogen (Lawlor, Ebrahim, and Smith 2001).…”

Section: Internal and External Causes Of Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

An evolutionary life-history framework for understanding sex differences in human mortality rates

Kruger

Nesse

2006

Hum Nat

224

157

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Sex differences in mortality rates stem from genetic, physiological, behavioral, and social causes that are best understood when integrated in an evolutionary life history framework. This paper investigates the Male-to-Female Mortality Ratio (M:F MR) from external and internal causes and across contexts to illustrate how sex differences shaped by sexual selection interact with the environment to yield a pattern with some consistency, but also with expected variations due to socioeconomic and other factors.

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“…In most animals, average lifespan of females is longer than that of males (Hazzard 1986; Smith & Warner 1989), although there are many exceptions (Saha & Raut 1992; Carey et al . 1995; Leather et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in lifespan and mortality rates in two seed beetle species

2003

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Summary 1.In most animals, females live longer than males, and large individuals live longer than small individuals. We examine both gender and body size effects on adult lifespan in two species of seed beetles ( Callosobruchus maculatus and Stator limbatus ), and test whether body size differences between males and females can explain genderdifferences in mortality rates and lifespan. 2. In both species, the effect of age on mortality rate was best described by a logistic mortality curve. C. maculatus females have a higher initial mortality rate than males, while males have a much higher rate of increase of the mortality rate with increasing age. In contrast, S. limbatus males had a higher initial mortality rate (opposite to the pattern seen in C. maculatus ) but males and females did not differ in the rate of increase of mortality with increasing age. 3. Body size was positively correlated with lifespan in both species, but it explained very little of the variance in lifespan ( R 2 < 0·09 for both species) and did not explain the gender difference. 4. Lifespan was heritable for both genders of both populations ( h 2 between 0·19 and 0·55), and the shape of the mortality curves varied among families within both species.

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Does genotypic sex have a direct effect on longevity?

Cited by 37 publications

References 64 publications

Altitudinal and environmental variation in lifespan in the Copper butterfly Lycaena tityrus

Altitudinal and environmental variation in lifespan in the Copper butterfly Lycaena tityrus

An evolutionary life-history framework for understanding sex differences in human mortality rates

Gender differences in lifespan and mortality rates in two seed beetle species

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