“…This is crucial because the region has the lowest school enrolment and is lagging in terms of literacy rate in contrast with the southern region of the country (UNICEF, 2017) and it constitutes one of the perceived factors discriminating against girl child education. The findings from the study may have significant implications on labor market participation as business enterprises' productivity is a function of skilled and semi-skilled labor (Jibir, Abdu, & Buba, 2022) increase labor income is believed to be among the factors that are capable of reducing the alarming rate of chronic poverty and inequality in disadvantage areas like the northern region (Buba, Abdu, Adamu, & Jibir, 2018;Ferguson, Bovaird, & Mueller, 2007;Mihai, Ţiţan, & Manea, 2015;Suryadarma & Suryahadi, 2010) and can pave way for brighter living standard and overall economic stability.…”