Doestrans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid affect the intermediary glucose and energy expenditure of dairy cows due to repartitioning of milk component synthesis?

Abstract

The overall goal of this study was to evaluate if intermediary energy metabolism of cows fed with trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was modified such that milk-energy compounds were produced with less intermediary energy expenditure as compared to control cows. Published data on supplemented CLA were assembled. The extent was calculated to which the trans-10, cis-12 CLA isomer has an impact on glucose and energy conversion in the mammary gland by modifying glucose equivalent supply and energy required for fatty acid (FA) and fat synthesis, and if this will eventually lead to an improved glucose and energy status of CLA-supplemented high-yielding dairy cows. A possible relationship between CLA supplementation level and milk energy yield response was also studied. Calculations were conducted separately for orally and abomasally administered CLA and based on energy required for supply of glucose equivalents, i.e. lactose, glycerol and NADPH2. Further, modifications of milk FA profile due to CLA supplementation were considered when energy expenditures for FA and fat synthesis were quantified. Differences in yields between control and CLA groups were transformed into glucose energy equivalents. Only abomasal infusion (r(2) = 0.31) but not oral CLA administration (r(2) = 0.11) supplementation to dairy cow diets resulted in less glucose equivalent energy. Modifications of milk FA profiles also saved energy but the relationship with CLA supplementation was weaker for abomasal infusion (r(2) = 0.06) than oral administration (r(2) = 0.38). On average, 10 g/d of abomasally infused trans-10, cis-12 CLA saved 1.1 to 2.3 MJ net energy expressed as glucose equivalents, whereas both positive and negative values were observed when the trans-10, cis-12 CLA was fed to the cows. This study revealed a weak to moderate dose-dependent relationship between the amount of trans-10, cis-12 CLA administered and the amount of energy in glucose equivalents and energy for the synthesis of milk fat conserved from milk ingredient synthesis. Because abomasal infusion of the trans-10, cis-12 CLA more consistently conserved energy in glucose equivalents compared with oral CLA intake, rumen protection of the fed CLA products appears incomplete. Milk fat synthesis showed an energy saving with a weak dose-dependent relationship when CLA was supplemented orally or by abomasal infusion.

Inflammatory and metabolic responses to an intramammary lipopolysaccharide challenge in early lactating cows supplemented with conjugated linoleic acid

“…The induction of the diverse local and systemic responses during an intramammary LPS challenge was shown to be influenced by the metabolic status of the dairy cow (Vernay et al., ). Although we did not observe a milk fat depressing effect in CLA‐fed cows, the supplementation of CLA has the potential to improve the metabolic status (Baumgard, Corl, Dwyer, & Bauman, ; Benninghoff, Metzger‐Petersen, Tröscher, & Südekum, ; Galamb et al., ) and in particular modulate the repartitioning of nutrients such as glucose in early lactation (Grossen‐Rösti et al., ; Harvatine, Perfield, & Bauman, ). We assumed that besides supporting other tissues, the “improved” glucose availability benefits the immune response during an inflammatory process.…”

Hyperglycaemia in transition dairy cows: Effects of lactational stage and conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on glucose metabolism and turnover

“…Our observations on the changes in performance, basal concentrations of plasma metabolites and hormones (negative EB, loss of BW, elevated FFA and BHB, lower glucose and insulin concentrations after parturition compared to late gestation) are in agreement with previous reports on transition dairy cows (Bell, ; Drackley, Overton, & Douglas, ; Gross, van Dorland, Bruckmaier, & Schwarz, ; Grummer, ). The trans‐10, cis‐12 CLA isomer is known to act as potent inhibitor of milk fat synthesis in lactating dairy cows in a dose‐dependent manner (Bauman et al., ; Baumgard, Corl, Dwyer, Saebo, & Bauman, ; Benninghoff et al., ; De Veth, Griinari, Pfeiffer, & Bauman, ; De Veth et al., ). However, in the present study, we did not observe a milk fat depression due to CLA supplementation during the experimental period up to 4 weeks post‐partum.…”

“…Reducing milk fat synthesis via CLA concomitantly reduces the energy demand and allows repartitioning nutrients during energy‐limited stages resulting in increased milk and milk protein yields (Benninghoff et al., ; Bernal‐Santos et al., ; Chandler et al., ; De Veth et al., ). In the present study, CLA supplementation did not increase milk and ECM yields in agreement with recent findings of Moore et al.…”

“…Benninghoff, Metzger‐Petersen, Tröscher, and Südekum () reviewed the reports on CLA effects on glucose metabolism and its potential glucose‐sparing effects; especially because an upregulated immune reaction requires substantial extra glucose on top of the increasing milk production during early lactation (Kvidera et al., ), the question on glucose‐sparing mechanisms requires further attention. Hötger et al.…”

“…These findings suggest CLA exerting potential beneficial effects on cow's lipid metabolism during the negative energy balance (NEB) in early lactation. Benninghoff, Metzger-Petersen, Tröscher, and Südekum (2015) reviewed the reports on CLA effects on glucose metabolism and its potential glucose-sparing effects; especially because an upregulated immune reaction requires substantial extra glucose on top of the increasing milk production during early lactation (Kvidera et al, 2017), the question on glucose-sparing mechanisms requires further attention. Hötger et al (2013) supposed a glucose-sparing effect due to CLA supplementation, which seems to affect endogenous glucose production and glucose oxidation.…”