“…Problems associated with endogeneity may hinder part of the inference in the model, since cause-effect relationships are not adequately controlled. Although the quantum technique presents a more precise picture of the relations, from the different points of the conditional distribution of the dependent variable, factors conditioning the demand for investments in R & D (AGHION & HOWITT, 2009) or even measurement errors in the independent variable (RACICOT, 2015) limit the inference of estimates, since they are more present in financial series (RACICOT & RENTZ, 2018). Racicot (2015) and Racicot and Rentz (2015, 2016 illustrate an important discussion on this topic, proposing alternative estimators to the traditional GMM, more robust to the presence of measurement errors.…”