Does industrial air pollution drive health care expenditures? Spatial evidence from China

Zeng, Juying; He, Qiuqin

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.288

Cited by 61 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Because Beijing is a severely polluted city, the incidence of respiratory diseases was higher and total health-care expenditure, drug expenditure, diagnostic test expenditure, and antibiotic-consumption expenditure increased significantly. This was consistent with the conclusions of Zeng and He 51 and Yang and Zhang. 52 Air pollution is one of the main reasons for increased health-care expenditure on respiratory diseases.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

<p>The Impact of Air Pollution on Healthcare Expenditure for Respiratory Diseases: Evidence from the People’s Republic of China</p>

Li¹,

Du²,

Zhang³

2020

RMHP

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Background: Air pollution is an important factor in health outcomes and health-care expenditure. It has become an important issue of global concern. The objective of this study was to explore the influence of air pollution on the economic burden of respiratory diseases using different levels of PM 2.5. Methods: Starting from the demand side, we took the 3,546 patients in the Respiratory and Critical Care Department of a tertiary hospital in Beijing between 2013 and 2015 as examples, combining daily air-quality data using a generalized linear regression-analysis model to explore the impact of air pollution on health-care expenditure on a microindividual level. Results: We found that PM 2.5 had a significant impact on health-care expenditure on respiratory diseases. It had a positive impact on total health-care expenditure, drug expenditure, and antibiotic expenditure. The impact of different levels of air pollution on the health care-expenditure burden of disease was heterogeneous. As the air-pollution index increased, health care-expenditure burden of respiratory diseases also gradually raised. The impact of PM 10 and air-quality index had a positive impact on health-care expenditure for respiratory diseases. Air pollution had a significant impact on health care-expenditure burden of respiratory diseases. The effect of length of stay on various health-care expenditure was significantly positive. Conclusion: The impact of mortality-risk classification on various health-care expenditure is significant. Therefore, policy-making must take into account both the supply side and the demand side of health-care services. Furthermore, the government should strengthen environmental governance, pay attention to the heterogeneity of the health care-expenditure burden affected by environmental pollution, improve the medical insurance system, and improve the health of residents to reduce the health care-expenditure burden.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

<p>The Impact of Air Pollution on Healthcare Expenditure for Respiratory Diseases: Evidence from the People’s Republic of China</p>

Li¹,

Du²,

Zhang³

2020

RMHP

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“…Moran's I was adopted to reveal the spatial relevance relationship among the PTEs in the neighborhood set at each location [51]. Moran's I = 0, suggests a random spatial distribution, at −1 ≤ Moran's I < 0, there is a negative correlation, while 0 < Moran's I ≤ 1 suggests a positive correlation [52,53].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Distribution and Ecological Risks of the Potentially-Toxic Elements in the Surface Sediments of Lake Bosten, China

Abuduwaili

Liu

2020

Toxics

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Aiming at the pollution and ecological hazards of the lake sediments of Bosten Lake, once China’s largest inland lake, the spatial distribution and influencing factors of the potentially-toxic elements in its surface sediments were studied with the methods of spatial autocorrelation, two-way cluster analysis, and redundancy analysis. Finally, based on the background value of potentially-toxic elements extracted from a sediment core, a comprehensive evaluation of the risk of these potentially-toxic elements was conducted with the potential-ecological-risk index and the pollution-load index. With data on the grain size, bulk-rock composition, and organic matter content, this comprehensive analysis suggested that with the enrichment of authigenic carbonate minerals, the content of potentially-toxic elements exhibited distinctive characteristics representative of arid regions with lower values than those in humid region. All potentially-toxic elements revealed a significant spatial autocorrelation, and high-value areas mainly occurred in the middle and southwest. The content of potentially-toxic elements is related to Al2O3, K2O, Fe2O3, TiO2, MgO, and MnO, and the storage medium of potentially-toxic elements mainly consists of small particles with a grain size <16 μm. The pollution load index (PLI) for the whole lake due to the potentially-toxic elements was 1.31, and the surface area with a PLI higher than 1 and a moderate pollution level accounted for 87.2% of the total lake area. The research conclusions have an important scientific value for future lake ecological quality assessment and lake environment governance.

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“…The industrial sector is the main contributor to air pollution in China, which has increased to 69.42 trillion between 2002 and 2014 [36,37,38]. The impact of air pollution and human health has been well explored in the literature [39].…”

Section: Trade Reforms Co2 and Healthcare Spending In Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Linkages between Trade, CO2 Emissions and Healthcare Spending in China

Ullah

Ali

Shah

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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China has remained top among the carbon dioxide (CO2) emitting countries in the world, while it has a significant contribution to world trade after World Trade Organization (WTO) reforms in China. The dramatic increase in CO2 emissions has been witnessed. This study examines the linkages between trade openness, CO2 emissions, and healthcare expenditures in China using time series data for the period 1990–2017. The study extended a theoretical model by adding healthcare expenditures, CO2 emissions, and trade openness with some constraints. We used simultaneous equation method for the analysis, and the outcomes suggest that trade is significantly affecting the CO2 emissions in the country, resulting in an increase of healthcare expenditures. The government needs reforms and trade policy embodied green energy consumption in the industrial sector, especially in export sector industries. In addition, carbon tax may be an important tool to reduce CO2 emissions and it may compensate the healthcare spending in the country.

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Does industrial air pollution drive health care expenditures? Spatial evidence from China

Cited by 61 publications

References 36 publications

<p>The Impact of Air Pollution on Healthcare Expenditure for Respiratory Diseases: Evidence from the People’s Republic of China</p>

<p>The Impact of Air Pollution on Healthcare Expenditure for Respiratory Diseases: Evidence from the People’s Republic of China</p>

Spatial Distribution and Ecological Risks of the Potentially-Toxic Elements in the Surface Sediments of Lake Bosten, China

Linkages between Trade, CO2 Emissions and Healthcare Spending in China

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