Does Industry 4.0 Have the Same Impact on Employment in the Sectors?

Abstract

Digital transformation is the driving force of the present and near future. Scientific and technological advances make digital transformation change not only societies and businesses, but also entire national economies. This digital transformation is also referred to as the so-called fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0), which is in terms of technological progress directly follows previous industrial revolutions. All previous industrial revolutions influenced the labour market and changed the nature of the professions. That's why the primary goal of this paper is to analyse the impact of Industry 4.0 on the labour market. In order to achieve this goal we have analysed the work of several authors and studies and enhanced it with the analysis of our own. Our own research was dedicated to answering the research question: Does the fourth industrial revolution have the same impact on employment in the same sectors of the national economies of the selected countries? In order to answer this question we used the correlation analysis to measure correlation coefficients between risk of job automation and employment in sectors of agriculture, services and industry in selected oecd countries. The main conclusions drawn from this paper are that risk of job automation in countries increases when their employment in sectors of agriculture and industry is relatively high and on the other hand this risk decreases when employment in sector of services is high.

COVID-19 and industrial resilience in the Global South. The case study of the auto parts sector in Mexico.

“…Only 1 out of 4 subsidiaries have reshored back, and these have been mostly German firms (Dachs et al, 2019;Kinkel, 2018). Employment has also not been substituted or reconfigured to predicted levels (Autor et al, 2020;Fareri et al, 2020;Hirsch-Kreinsen, 2016;Sumer, 2018), and many other authors have found that I4.0 has generated new types of occupations (Chinoracky et al, 2020;Sumer, 2018). Most importantly, although factories in the Global North are gradually moving toward higher automation, digitalisation, and integration, there are not yet factories operating at the level of fully digital integration proposed by the I4.0 paradigm (Deng et al, 2021).…”

Investigating the Impact of Digital Transformation on the Labor Market in the Era of Changing Digital Transformation Dynamics in Saudi Arabia

“…Despite this, the industrial revolution did not have the same impact on employment across different sectors. A recent study by Chinoracký et al (2019) examined OECD countries' employment in agricultural, services, and industrial sectors and the probability of job automation. Sector-specific job automation risks were identified in the results.…”