Does intelligence explain the association between generalized trust and economic development?

Carl, Noah

doi:10.1016/j.intell.2014.08.008

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Felice and Giugliano, 2011;Cornoldi et al, 2010;Beraldo, 2010). The author then replied with new evidence (Lynn, 2012;Piffer & Lynn, 2014), backed also by Carl's (2014) study showing that the association between average trust and log GDP per capita across Italian regions disappears or attenuates substantially when regional IQ is controlled for. The latest work on the subject is by Daniele (2015), who objects to a possible nexus between IQ differences and socioeconomic development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The north–south divide in the Italian higher education system

2016

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This paper examines country-specific factors that affect the three most influential world university rankings (the Academic Ranking of World Universities, the QS World University Ranking, and the Times Higher Education World University Ranking). We run a cross sectional regression that covers 42-71 countries (depending on the ranking and data availability). We show that the position of universities from a country in the ranking is determined by the following country-specific variables: economic potential of the country, research and development expenditure, long-term political stability (freedom from war, occupation, coups and major changes in the political system), and institutional variables, including government effectiveness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The north–south divide in the Italian higher education system

2016

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“…Higher levels of education and competence in a broader sense might help individuals detect and avoid potential deceit in the first place, thus reducing the probability of negative social experiences, which might in turn contribute to a more positive view of human nature (Yamagishi, Kikuchi, & Kosugi, 1999). Indeed a number of studies showed general cognitive ability to be negatively related to cynical hostility (Barnes et al, 2009; Mortensen, Barefoot, & Avlund, 2012) and positively related to trust (Carl, 2014; Carl & Billari, 2014; Hooghe, Marien, & de Vroome, 2012; Oskarsson, Dawes, Johannesson, & Magnusson, 2012; Sturgis, Read, & Allum, 2010). However, even though intelligent individuals are more likely to trust strangers, high IQ is not a good predictor of the ability to differentiate between trustworthy and untrustworthy targets (Bonnefon, Hopfensitz, & De Neys, 2013).…”

Section: Cynicism and Competence In Realitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cynical Genius Illusion: Exploring and Debunking Lay Beliefs About Cynicism and Competence

Stavrova

Ehlebracht

2018

Pers Soc Psychol Bull

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Cynicism refers to a negative appraisal of human nature-a belief that self-interest is the ultimate motive guiding human behavior. We explored laypersons' beliefs about cynicism and competence and to what extent these beliefs correspond to reality. Four studies showed that laypeople tend to believe in cynical individuals' cognitive superiority. A further three studies based on the data of about 200,000 individuals from 30 countries debunked these lay beliefs as illusionary by revealing that cynical (vs. less cynical) individuals generally do worse on cognitive ability and academic competency tasks. Cross-cultural analyses showed that competent individuals held contingent attitudes and endorsed cynicism only if it was warranted in a given sociocultural environment. Less competent individuals embraced cynicism unconditionally, suggesting that-at low levels of competence-holding a cynical worldview might represent an adaptive default strategy to avoid the potential costs of falling prey to others' cunning.

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“…For example, Sturgis, Read, and Allum (2010), using data from National Child Development Study (NCDS) and British Cohort Study (BCS70), shows that generalized trust of individual is a function of individual's intelligence. Similarly, Carl (2014) documents that intelligence is positively associated with trust in a sample of 15 Spanish regions, 20 Italian regions, 50 US states, and 107 countries. In addition, intelligent agents have wider time horizons and intelligence can be important in decreasing agency problems and moral hazard.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligence and finance

Salahodjaev

2015

Personality and Individual Differences

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This paper explore the effect of intelligence on financial development using data from 180 nations, over the period 2000-2012. The results provide strong support for the claim that intelligence is positively associated with the supply of finance to economy. This paper establishes that, moving from country with the mean IQ score (84.1) to the highest national IQ score (107.1) is associated with 3.6 fold increase in the size of banking sector. The positive effect of intelligence remains intact when we control for other antecedents of financial development.

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Does intelligence explain the association between generalized trust and economic development?

Cited by 11 publications

References 75 publications

The north–south divide in the Italian higher education system

The north–south divide in the Italian higher education system

The Cynical Genius Illusion: Exploring and Debunking Lay Beliefs About Cynicism and Competence

Intelligence and finance

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