Does inversion affect boundary extension for briefly-presented views?

Beighley, Steven; Intraub, Helene

doi:10.1080/13506285.2016.1229369

Cited by 4 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…They remembered seeing less of the patterns than were shown. This outcome is in contrast to numerous experiments in which briefly presented simple or complex real-world scenes elicited BE in similar WM paradigms (Dickinson & Intraub, 2008; Intraub & Dickinson, 2008; Intraub et al, 1996; Intraub et al, 2006; Hale et al, 2016), even when the briefly presented scenes were inverted or rotated 90° (Beighley & Intraub, 2016).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Real-world scenes elicited BE given only a brief presentation (e.g., a 250 ms presentation, allowing only a single eye fixation) and a brief, masked retention interval of 42 ms to 2 s (Dickinson & Intraub, 2008; Intraub & Dickinson, 2008; Intraub, Gottesman, Willey, & Zuk, 1996; Intraub et al, 2006). Rapid BE occurred even when the scenes were presented in unusual orientations (upside down or sideways; Beighley & Intraub, 2016) or when they contained objects in nondiagnostic colors (e.g., a blue banana; Hale et al, 2016). If our novel patterns are as evocative of surrounding space as are real-world scenes, BE should also occur in the WM paradigm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4In Beighley and Intraub (2016), the size of each image was 15° × 15° presented on a black background, and in two other studies (Dickinson & Intraub, 2008; Intraub & Dickinson, 2008), picture sizes varied in size (widths ranged from 5.9° to 13.7°; heights ranged from 8.9° to 10.4°), subtending 9.2° (width) × 10.2° (height) on average presented on a gray background. In Hale et al (2016), images filled the screen, and the visual angle for all stimuli was 8° (width) × 11.1° (height).…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Views of single-object scenes and multiobject scenes shown for relatively long durations (e.g., 15 s) elicit BE in long-term memory (LTM) paradigms (e.g., Gagnier & Intraub, 2012; Munger & Multhaup, 2016). BE also occurs for single- and multiobject views when photographs are briefly presented (1 s or less) in working memory (WM) paradigms with brief retention intervals of 2 s or less (e.g., Beighley & Intraub, 2016; Dickinson & Intraub, 2008; Hale, Brown, & McDunn, 2016; Intraub & Dickinson, 2008). In the current research, we sought to determine if patterns of objects, lacking the semantic content and spatial layout typical of real-world scenes, can elicit BE in both LTM and WM paradigms, and if pattern regularity (in contrast to random patterns) might enhance anticipatory representation due to pattern predictability.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, we thought it was important to test our hypotheses using two common paradigms that have repeatedly yielded BE for photographs of real-world scenes: first, the LTM paradigm used by McDunn et al (2014) and Mamus and Boduroglu (2018), which is a commonly used paradigm in BE research (see Hubbard, Hutchison, & Courtney, 2010, for a review); second, the WM paradigm, in which real-world scenes were briefly presented and boundary memory tested moments later (e.g., Beighley & Intraub, 2016; Hale et al, 2016; Dickinson & Intraub, 2008; Intraub & Dickinson, 2008; Intraub, Hoffman, Wetherhold, & Stoehs, 2006). Should nonscene patterns elicit BE in the LTM paradigm, we wanted to determine if these patterns, like real-world scenes would elicit BE under the time demands of the WM paradigm or if the relatively limited informational content of visual patterns, in comparison to real-world scenes, might not provide a sufficient foundation for anticipatory representation.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Anticipatory memory for regular and random patterns.

Yildirim¹,

Intraub²

2020

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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Real-world scenes elicit anticipatory representation in long-term memory (LTM) and working memory (WM) resulting in boundary extension (BE). Would the same results hold for nonscene patterns of objects? In Experiment 1A (LTM-paradigm), 15 regular or 15 random object-patterns were sequentially presented (10 s each); a boundary-rating-task followed. Both pattern-types elicited BE. Surprisingly, regularity (greater pattern predictability) did not enhance BE. Instead, random patterns more consistently yielded BE. Perhaps random object-groupings enhance BE (e.g., more scene-like). Objects within regular patterns were colored to create object-groupings; this increased BE compared to regular patterns without color groups, but only in 1 of the 2 tests (Experiment 1B, LTM-paradigm). In Experiment 2 (WM-paradigm), a briefly presented pattern, regular or random, was followed by a 2-s masked interval and a boundary-rating-task on each trial. Here, results reversed: patterns now elicited boundary restriction (whether or not a concurrent task had been presented to prevent verbalization). Under time pressure, without real-world layout and meaning, pattern elements may not have cohered into a unified expanse, failing to elicit BE and resulting in loss of peripheral content. We propose 2 classes of visual content that may determine anticipatory representation: content that embellishes space versus content that defines space. Public Significance StatementWhen viewing real-world scenes, the brain anticipates surrounding layout; this study showed that novel patterns also elicited anticipatory representation given sufficient time, but not when the same patterns were briefly presented. Not only was anticipatory processing halted, but also participants lost memory for the peripheral elements of the patterns. This demonstrates the critical role of top-down knowledge and expectations in supporting anticipatory representation, which may be crucial for a moving observer's successful interaction with the surrounding world.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 96%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anticipatory memory for regular and random patterns.

Yildirim¹,

Intraub²

2020

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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Remembering: Does the emotional content of a photograph affect boundary extension?

Beighley

Sacco

Bauer

et al. 2019

Emotion

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Observers falsely remember seeing beyond the bounds of a photograph (i.e., boundary extension [BE]). Do observers "zoom in" when viewing negative emotion photographs, resulting in boundary restriction (Safer, Christianson, Autry, & Österlund, 1998)? Studies have yielded inconsistent outcomes, perhaps because emotional valence was compared across photographs of completely different scenes. To control physical scene structure, two contrasting (negative vs. positive) emotional versions of the same scenes were created by dramatically changing individuals' facial expressions; 14 such scene pairs were selected based on participants' (n = 134) ratings of the emotional valence elicited. We attempted to enhance sensitivity to negative scene content by including participants who scored either high (n = 104) or low (n = 104) on trait rumination, which is characterized by repetitive analysis of negative mood and a narrowing of attention. They viewed either all negative or all positive emotion scenes (15 s each). These scenes were repeated at test and rated as "the same," "closer-up," or "farther away" than the stimulus view (on a 5-point scale). Participants in all groups exhibited BE, but neither emotional valence nor trait rumination affected performance, even though mood induction had occurred. Only physical scene context affected BE (irrespective of the emotional valence of the scenes). Results underscore the importance of controlling physical scene context in tests of the effect of emotion on spatial memory. The resilience of BE to negative-mood-inducing scenes is discussed in terms of the adaptive value of anticipating one's surroundings while navigating through scenes in the world. (PsycINFO Database Record

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Flipping the world upside down: Using eye tracking in virtual reality to study visual search in inverted scenes

Beitner

Helbing

Draschkow

et al. 2023

JEMR

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Image inversion is a powerful tool for investigating cognitive mechanisms of visual perception. However, studies have mainly used inversion in paradigms presented on two-dimensional computer screens. It remains open whether disruptive effects of inversion also hold true in more naturalistic scenarios. In our study, we used scene inversion in virtual reality in combination with eye tracking to investigate the mechanisms of repeated visual search through three-dimensional immersive indoor scenes. Scene inversion affected all gaze and head measures except fixation durations and saccade amplitudes. Our behavioral results, surprisingly, did not entirely follow as hypothesized: While search efficiency dropped significantly in inverted scenes, participants did not utilize more memory as measured by search time slopes. This indicates that despite the disruption, participants did not try to compensate the increased difficulty by using more memory. Our study highlights the importance of investigating classical experimental paradigms in more naturalistic scenarios to advance research on daily human behavior.

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Does inversion affect boundary extension for briefly-presented views?

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

Anticipatory memory for regular and random patterns.

Anticipatory memory for regular and random patterns.

Remembering: Does the emotional content of a photograph affect boundary extension?

Flipping the world upside down: Using eye tracking in virtual reality to study visual search in inverted scenes

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