“…Thus, it can be expected that exports potentially provide a higher employment level, increase productivity, and consequently, promote economic growth (Love and Mansury, 2009;Feenstra, Ma and Xu, 2019;Sasahara, 2019). Generally, many empirical papers have analyzed the exportproductivity nexus (Vu, Holmes, Tran and Lim, 2016;Zhou, 2020;Dalgıç, Fazlıoğlu and Gasiorek, 2021;Esaku, 2021;Gkypali, Love and Roper, 2021), and the empirical findings have shown that export has a significant positive impact on a firm's productivity. For example, Yang and Chen (2012) investigated the relationship between exporting and productivity for Indonesian manufacturing firms.…”