Does It Matter Which Parent is Absent? Labor Migration, Parenting, and Adolescent Development in China

Xu, Ying; Xu, Di; Simpkins, Sandra D.; Warschauer, Mark

doi:10.1007/s10826-019-01382-z

Cited by 40 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Parental supervision (Cronbach's α = .70) was measured by 12 items, and students were asked whether their mother and father cared about and strict with six things respectively ranging from 1 (they don't care) to 3 (they are very strict about it): their homework and examination, behaviour at school, the friends they made, dress style, time spent on the Internet, and watching TV. Similar scales were used in previous studies (Ma & Wu, ; Xu, Xu, Simpkins, & Warschauer, ). Parent–child communication (Cronbach's α = .87) was measured by eight items, which was consistent with the instruments used by extant research (Ma & Wu, ; Xu et al, ), and students were asked to report the respective frequencies of their father and mother discussing the following four things with them: things happened at school, relationship with friends, relationship with teachers and worries and troubles on a 3‐point Likert scale (1 = never, 2 = sometimes and 3 = often).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Similar scales were used in previous studies (Ma & Wu, ; Xu, Xu, Simpkins, & Warschauer, ). Parent–child communication (Cronbach's α = .87) was measured by eight items, which was consistent with the instruments used by extant research (Ma & Wu, ; Xu et al, ), and students were asked to report the respective frequencies of their father and mother discussing the following four things with them: things happened at school, relationship with friends, relationship with teachers and worries and troubles on a 3‐point Likert scale (1 = never, 2 = sometimes and 3 = often). Parental expectation was measured by asking students one question: “do your parents have confidence in your future?”, and response ranged from 1 (having no confidence) to 4 (have very strong confidence).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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An ecological investigation of resilience among rural‐urban migrant adolescents of low socioeconomic status families in China

Gao

Xie

Frost

2019

Journal Community Psychology

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The present study aims to explore the mechanism of resilience among rural‐urban migrant adolescents of low socioeconomic status (SES) families in China with the ecological system perspective. Selecting 946 rural‐urban migrant adolescents from the China Education Panel Survey, we used latent class analyses to distinguish different levels of resilience among migrant adolescents from low‐SES families, and logistic regressions to identify factors associated with resilience and to examine the cumulative risk and protection models. The findings show that parental expectation, teacher support and organised neighbourhood are salient resilience‐promoting factors; and resilience happens only if protective factors accumulate enough at multiple systems to compensate the negative effect of cumulative community risk. The study describes the importance of a protective environment in the domains of family, school and neighbourhood on the resilience of this group, and suggest intervention programmes should extend the paradigm from child‐centred approach to environment‐focused approach to potentiate the positive development of this population.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

An ecological investigation of resilience among rural‐urban migrant adolescents of low socioeconomic status families in China

Gao

Xie

Frost

2019

Journal Community Psychology

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“…Recent evidence suggested that Internet addiction could contribute to psychiatric symptoms and behavioral problems, such as substance use disorder, attention-de cit hyperactivity disorder, social anxiety disorder, and suicidal attempts [11,12]. Moreover, the majority of LBC live with old-age grandparents [13]. Compared to parents, most of the grandparents have lower health literacy and may lack proper parenting knowledge and skills to supervise and monitor the grandchildren [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies [13,[18][19][20] emphasized the role of parent-child communication in mitigating negative effects on LBC. Parent-child communication [21] refers to a dynamic procedure, where family members can exchange their information and emotion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Good-quality parent-child communication enhances family cohesion and helps family members overcome troubles [22]. Despite the well-established association between parent-child communication and mental health in LBC [18,20], such as life satisfaction, loneliness, happiness, and depressive symptoms, most studies in the eld of parent-child communication have only focused on the quantity and frequency of the contacts between parents and children or topics they touched on rather than the quality of the communication [13,18,19]. It has been well noted that not only quantity but also quality of parent-child communication matters in alleviating adverse effects caused by parental migration [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The association of parent-child communication with Internet addiction in left-behind children in China

Cai¹,

Wang²,

Wang³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Long-term absence of parents has been proven to lead to negative health outcomes on left-behind children (LBC). We saw numerous studies that explored the association of parental absence with mental health and risky behaviors among LBC. Recently, Internet addiction has emerged as a growing concern, however, it was seldom studied among LBC community. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of Internet addiction between LBC and non-left-behind children (non-LBC), and explore the role of paternal and maternal parent-child communication on LBC. Methods We conducted a questionnaire survey in rural areas in Anhui, China, including the Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale and Young’s Internet addiction Test. LBC who reported both migrating parents and children who lived with both non-migrating parents were included in this study. Results The complete data were available from 699 LBC and 740 non-LBC. After adjustment of social-demographic characteristics, the result indicated LBC had a higher likelihood to report internet-addiction when compared to non-LBC (OR = 2.03, 95%CI = 1.43–2.88, p < 0.001). Among LBC, parent-child communication (both mother-child and father-child) was protective factors for children’s Internet addiction. Also, the role of mother-child communication played well in preventing boys from Internet addiction. Conclusions Our findings suggested the lack of parental supervision may lead to Internet addiction. It is highly recommended for migrant parents to improve the quality of communication with their children. Also, gender-matching effects should be considered in the relationship between children’s behavior and parental factors.

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The silver lining of parental migration on left‐behind adolescents' academic well‐being in China: A systematic review

Tadesse,

Gao,

Khalid

2024

Child Abuse Review

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The well‐being, particularly academic performance, of left‐behind children (LBC) by their migrant parents has been studied. Although extensive literature pronounces the adverse impact of parental migration on LBC's academic outcomes, a growing body of evidence has found that these children might perform equally or even better academically than non‐left‐behind children (NLBC), which inspires the present review. This innovative study has systematically reviewed previous studies to provide evidence of a silver lining for parental migration and its implications. We searched for relevant studies from reliable sources and screened them between January and April 2023, following the PRISMA guidelines. After two authors independently screened the title, abstract and full text, 11 potential studies that met the inclusion/exclusion criteria were reviewed. The results indicate that eight eligible studies found no significant difference in academic performance between LBC and NLBC, while the remaining studies showed that LBC outperformed NLBC. Additionally, the age of left‐behind children, the duration and reasons for parental migration and household remittance practices were key factors in determining the resilience of LBCs towards academic engagement and performance. The present review findings suggest that future studies need to examine the positive consequence of parental migration on LBCs' academic and nonacademic outcomes by performing rigorous and robust methodology that unfolds and provides casual relationships, which insist on feasible practical and policy effective implications.

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Does It Matter Which Parent is Absent? Labor Migration, Parenting, and Adolescent Development in China

Cited by 40 publications

References 52 publications

An ecological investigation of resilience among rural‐urban migrant adolescents of low socioeconomic status families in China

An ecological investigation of resilience among rural‐urban migrant adolescents of low socioeconomic status families in China

The association of parent-child communication with Internet addiction in left-behind children in China

The silver lining of parental migration on left‐behind adolescents' academic well‐being in China: A systematic review

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