Does knee joint alignment with the axis of the isokinetic dynamometer affect peak torque?

Development of a scale prototype of isokinetic dynamometer

“…To perform a critical introduction of ID, the authors have searched the literature related to ID's, physiotherapy, training and evaluation of force, with selected papers up to December 2013, from reviewing journals in the areas of biomechanics, sports medicine and sports science, bioengineering, physiotherapy, orthopedics and sciences of motion, listed in the references section [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]26], as well as patents of equipment for exercise and physical therapy [20][21][22][23][24]. In order to find applicable studies, the following keywords, in English and Portuguese were used: isokinetic, isokinetic evaluation, isokinetic dynamometry, isokinetic dynamometers, strength evaluation, rehabilitation, and muscular performance.…”

“…According to Aquino [1], studies that uses the isokinetic dynamometry with several purposes often presents conflicting results, that is because differences at the subject positioning related to the evaluated articulations. The alignment process must be strict, since alignment errors may turn into low reliability and low repeatability reading data for the same patient or athlete [17][18].…”

Torque-angle-velocity Relationships and Muscle Performance of Professional and Youth Soccer Players

“…The results demonstrate that the U17 group is able to maintain a required velocity for longer durations (larger LR), and therefore, it was expected that this group had also a lower TTVA because these outcomes are inter-related [5,8,19]. Le Gall et al [23] stated that the quadriceps femoris presents maximum development at the age of 21 years while thereafter, performance seems to remain stable.…”

“…Another feature of muscle performance, which cannot be observed when single values of peak torque, average power or total work are reported, is the joint torque-angle-velocity relationship (TAV 3D ). The TAV 3D represents the dynamic behavior of a muscle and can be applied to training [22] as a complement to the length-tension and length-velocity relationships, providing a more comprehensive assessment of functional capacity [19,23]. During a soccer match, elite soccer players perform 150-250 brief intense actions, half of them are shorter than 10 m and almost all actions are shorter than 30 m [11].…”

“…That is, the muscle performance of the PRO group is more efficient than the U17 group. This conclusion can only be taken when analyzing the TVA 3D surface maps, hence it allowed for a broader view of the isokinetic assessment [17,19,23]. This study has some limitations, such as the maturational status of athletes and skill levels.…”