Does Land Use and Landscape Contribute to Self-Harm? A Sustainability Cities Framework

Vaz, Eric; Shaker, Richard R.; Cusimano, Michael D.; Loures, Luís; Arsanjani, Jamal Jokar

doi:10.3390/data5010009

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The evolution of metropolitan systems plays a crucial role in socioeconomic development of advanced economies [35,40,44]. Based on population change, urban transition in Italy was particularly accelerated over the three to four decades following World War II; urban-rural polarizations were in turn interpreted as a result of demographic dynamics typical of the first transition [69,70]. By contrast, the second transition was associated to increased spatial heterogeneity in population growth, impacting metropolitan expansion in a less predictable way in respect with past dynamics [71,72].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the Transition: Long-Term Population Trends in a Disadvantaged Region of Southern Europe, 1861–2017

2021

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The long-term impact of demographic transitions on the spatial distribution of human settlements was occasionally evaluated in Europe. Assuming the distinctive role of urban–rural divides, our study investigates local-scale population trends (1861–2017) in Southern Italy, a disadvantaged region of Mediterranean Europe, as a result of long-term socioeconomic transformations. A quantitative analysis of municipal-scale population data based on descriptive and exploratory multivariate statistics, mapping, inferential approaches, and regression models identified four time intervals with distinctive demographic dynamics: (i) a spatially homogeneous population growth between 1861 and 1911, (ii) a moderate population increase rebalancing a traditional divide in coastal and internal areas (1911–1951), (iii) accelerated population growth enlarging spatial divides in urban and rural districts (1951–1981), and (iv) population stability (or slight decline) leading to heterogeneous demographic patterns since the early 1980s. The first three stages reflect a prolonged transition from high fertility and mortality to high fertility and low mortality, with accelerated population growth typical of the latest stage of the first demographic transition. Outcomes of time interval (iv) reflect the early stages of the second demographic transition, with lowest-low fertility and rising life expectancy. While the first transition reflected spatially homogeneous population trends along a considerable time spam, the second transition has been associated with heterogeneous (leapfrog) demographic patterns as a result of socially mixed (and spatially) fragmented dynamics of growth and change.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the Transition: Long-Term Population Trends in a Disadvantaged Region of Southern Europe, 1861–2017

2021

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“…Our approach linking wellbeing to environmental characteristics relates to other studies. For instance, a significant association has been identified between air pollution and self-harm in studies based in China [30], Denmark [31] and Toronto, Canada [32], with a systematic review of the broader research field of greenspace exposure and psychopathology symptoms recently published [33].…”

Section: Concepts and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic Prisons? Local Environmental Quality and the Wellbeing of Incarcerated Populations

Moran,

Jordaan,

Jones

2024

Land

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A growing body of scholarship draws attention to prisons and environmental justice, pointing out the propensity for prisons to be located on contaminated sites and to be in close proximity to polluting industries, as well as for prisons themselves to contribute to local environmental degradation. Prisoners’ immobility renders them unable to relocate away from harmful environments, and there are now numerous suggestions that their wellbeing suffers as a result of the poor quality of many local environments. However, since a relationship between environmental quality and prisoner wellbeing is yet to be robustly demonstrated, there is currently no firm evidence base from which to argue for positive change. This paper therefore examines the effect of the environmental quality of the locations of prisons, approximated as the presence of greenspace in the immediate vicinity of prisons, local species biodiversity and local levels of air and noise pollution, on wellbeing outcomes in a set of prisons in England and Wales. It finds that good environmental quality, in the form of high biodiversity and/or low air pollution, enhances the already-recognized positive effects of greenspace on the wellbeing of incarcerated populations. On the basis of these findings, this paper makes evidence-based policy recommendations intended to enhance the wellbeing of incarcerated populations.

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“…Dispersion will likely not have, in the future, the same costs as it used to have in the past. Smarter cities, and their inclusion in networks of health [4], education [5], retail [6], and transportation [7], may suggest that geographical distances will become less relevant. This is also further enhanced by the human pursuit of other values, such as spirituality, nature, and travel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical Foundations in Support of Small and Medium Towns

Noronha

Vaz

2020

Sustainability

Self Cite

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This theoretical review aims to create a comprehensive and systematic analysis based on previously published literature explaining how contemporary technological developments may promote new paths for small and medium-sized towns (SMTs) and their networking systems. Much has been said concerning the capacity of towns to absorb strategic knowledge, which is highly dependent on local governance systems. In this paper, five levels of multidisciplinary approaches will be addressed so as to pinpoint the theoretical grounds for the promotion and advocacy of small and medium-sized towns (SMTs) as major drivers of regional sustainability: agglomeration advantages and networking efficiencies—representing strict economic accounting of cost and benefits; clustering in a context of online environments, and its extension to open networking systems; sustainable innovation processes for SMTs, technology, and knowledge transfer in open innovation systems—both settings for discussions within the framing of new technological developments and artificial intelligence; knowledge and new technological developments with local spillovers—to be enhanced employing new educational programs and learning diffusion at advanced levels; the social functions of small and medium-sized towns—to be addressed in the areas of sociology, architecture, and planning.

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Does Land Use and Landscape Contribute to Self-Harm? A Sustainability Cities Framework

Cited by 11 publications

References 41 publications

Beyond the Transition: Long-Term Population Trends in a Disadvantaged Region of Southern Europe, 1861–2017

Beyond the Transition: Long-Term Population Trends in a Disadvantaged Region of Southern Europe, 1861–2017

Toxic Prisons? Local Environmental Quality and the Wellbeing of Incarcerated Populations

Theoretical Foundations in Support of Small and Medium Towns

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