Does letter rotation decrease transposed letter priming effects?

Yang, Huilan; Lupker, Stephen J.

doi:10.1037/xlm0000697

Cited by 9 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…3 To analyze the data, we created generalized linear mixedeffects models in R with the lme4 package (Bates, Maechler, Bolker, & Walker, 2015) on the latency and accuracy data. For the latency data, we employed the gamma distribution with the identity link (see Yang & Lupker, 2019)-this avoids nonlinear transformations of the response times required by the normality assumption of linear mixed models. For the accuracy data, we employed the binomial distribution.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the cowl make the monk? Detecting counterfeits in brand names versus logos

et al. 2021

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Companies and products are identified by their brand names, which are typically written with a specific letter style, color, and design (i.e., logos). This graphical information offers a distinctive image that facilitates their recognition. However, the uniqueness of these configuration cues may make brand names more vulnerable to counterfeiting via misspelling. We examined whether the confusability at detecting misspelled brand names is higher when embedded in the full logo than when presented in plain format (Experiment 1), when removing all graphical information of the logo other than typeface (Experiment 2), and when only modifying the typeface (Experiment 3). Participants had to decide whether the presented item was a correctly spelled brand name. The misspelled stimuli were created by either transposing or replacing two internal letters of popular brand names (amazon → amzaon vs. amceon), thus allowing us to have a measure of the transposed-letter confusability effect. Results showed a sizeable transposed-letter confusability effect for all types of brand names, but the effect was greatest for the misspelled full logos. Thus, the distinctiveness of the graphical information in logos has a deleterious side effect: logos are quite vulnerable to counterfeiting via misspelling branding.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the cowl make the monk? Detecting counterfeits in brand names versus logos

et al. 2021

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“…To conduct the inferential analyses of the latency data, we employed generalized linear mixed models using the package lme4 (Bates, Maechler, Bolker, & Walker, 2015) in R (R Core Team, 2019) and we assumed an underlying gamma distribution (see Lo & Andrews, 2015;Yang & Lupker, 2019, for discussion of the advantages of this approach). 2 In the generalized linear mixed models, the fixed factor prime type was encoded as to test the two research questions: whether there is an advantage of the visually similar over the visually dissimilar condition (i.e., SIM vs. DIS); and whether there is an advantage of the ID condition over the SIM condition (see Marcet & Perea, 2017, 2018a, 2018b, for a similar approach).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jalapeno or jalapeño: Do diacritics in consonant letters modulate visual similarity effects during word recognition?

Marcet

Ghukasyan

Fernández-López

et al. 2020

Applied Psycholinguistics

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Prior research has shown that word identification times to DENTIST are faster when briefly preceded by a visually similar prime (dentjst; i↔j) than when preceded by a visually dissimilar prime (dentgst). However, these effects of visual similarity do not occur in the Arabic alphabet when the critical letter differs in the diacritical signs: for the target the visually similar one-letter replaced prime (compare and is no more effective than the visually dissimilar one-letter replaced prime Here we examined whether this dissociative pattern is due to the special role of diacritics during word processing. We conducted a masked priming lexical decision experiment in Spanish using target words containing one of two consonants that only differed in the presence/absence of a diacritical sign: n and ñ. The prime-target conditions were identity, visually similar, and visually dissimilar. Results showed an advantage of the visually similar over the visually dissimilar condition for muñeca-type words (muneca-MUÑECA < museca-MUÑECA), but not for moneda-type words (moñeda-MONEDA = moseda-MONEDA). Thus, diacritical signs are salient elements that play a special role during the first moments of processing, thus constraining the interplay between the “feature” and “letter” levels in models of visual word recognition.

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“…That is, one would expect an interaction between rotation and identity priming in Experiments 1 and 2, and a null effect of priming in Experiment 3. Alternatively, if letter detectors are resilient to rotation in the initial moments of processing, as claimed by Perea et al (2018a, b) and Yang and Lupker (2019), masked identity priming should be approximately similar in magnitude in the two rotation angles in the three experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Clearly, if letter detectors had been disrupted by rotations above 40°in the first moments of word processing, one would have expected a sizeable reduction of masked repetition/ transposed-letter priming effects for 90°rotated words. Furthermore, Yang and Lupker (2019) provided an even more extreme demonstration. They conducted two masked priming lexical decision experiments in which the words were presented horizontally or rotated 90°or 180°.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

When does rotation disrupt letter encoding? Testing the resilience of letter detectors in the initial moments of processing

et al. 2020

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Previous research has reported that both letter and word identification are slower when the stimuli are presented at rotations above 45°than when presented in their canonical horizontal view. Indeed, influential models of word recognition posit that letter detectors in the visual word recognition system are disrupted by rotation angles above 40°or 45°(e.g., Local Combinations Detector model; Dehaene, Cohen, Sigman, & Vinckier, 2005, Trends in Cognitive Sciences). However, recent experiments have shown robust masked identity/form priming effects for 90°rotated words, thus calling into question this assumption. Here we aimed to isolate the degree to which letter detectors are disrupted when manipulating letter rotation in three masked identity priming letter match experiments. Probes and targets were always presented in the canonical upright position, whereas forwardly masked primes were rotated in different angles. The rotation angles were 0°versus 45°(Experiment 1), 22.5°versus 67.5°( Experiment 2), and 45°versus 90°(Experiment 3). Results showed a sizeable masked identity priming effect regardless of the rotation angle, hence demonstrating that letter detectors are not disrupted by rotations smaller than 90°in the early moments of letter processing. This pattern suggests that letter detectors are more resilient to changes in visual form than predicted by the LCD model.

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Does letter rotation decrease transposed letter priming effects?

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

Does the cowl make the monk? Detecting counterfeits in brand names versus logos

Does the cowl make the monk? Detecting counterfeits in brand names versus logos

Jalapeno or jalapeño: Do diacritics in consonant letters modulate visual similarity effects during word recognition?

When does rotation disrupt letter encoding? Testing the resilience of letter detectors in the initial moments of processing

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