Does Local Competition Increase the Coexistence of Species in Intransitive Networks

Laird, Robert A.; Schamp, Brandon S.

doi:10.1890/07-0117.1

Cited by 77 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In this study, the non-waterlogging treatment (0 cm water level) caused an increase in C. lasiocarpa biomass in the monoculture, but generally had no significant difference relative to mild-waterlogging treatment (10 cm water level) in all mixtures. This may be because interspecific competition suppresses the plant's growth at the physiological optimum (Laird and Schamp 2008;Bartelheimer et al 2010). Just as the relative yield of C. lasiocarpa showed in this study, the interference from D. angustifolia decreased with rising water level in 1:1 and 1:2 mixtures.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Effects of hydrology and competition on plant growth in a freshwater marsh of northeast China

Zhang

Mao

Gong

et al. 2013

Journal of Freshwater Ecology

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Hydrology and competition are major determinants of plant zonation patterns in wetlands. We conducted a pot experiment to investigate effects of water levels on plant growth of two dominant species from the Sanjiang Plain (Deyeuxia angustifolia and Carex lasiocarpa) in monoculture and mixtures (i.e., 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2 mixtures of C. lasiocarpa and D. angustifolia). Water level had significant effects on the biomass of both species (p < 0.05). The aboveground biomass of C. lasiocarpa increased with decreasing water level in both monoculture and mixtures and the same was true for belowground biomass in monoculture. Waterlogging (10 cm water level) and natural drought reduced the aboveground and belowground biomass of D. angustifolia in monoculture and waterlogging (20 and 10 cm water levels) also reduced the aboveground biomass in mixtures. The relative yield of C. lasiocarpa was greater than 1.0 in the 1:1 mixture (t ¼ 3.49) and the 1:2 mixture (t ¼ 6.63) at 20 cm water level (i.e., the performance of individuals was better in mixtures than that in the monoculture), and the same was true for D. angustifolia in the 2:1 mixture (t ¼ 10.23) and the 1:1 mixture (t ¼ 4.12) at À10 cm water level. The relative yield of C. lasiocarpa increased with increasing water level in the 1:1 and 1:2 mixtures but decreased for D. angustifolia in the 2:1 mixture. Moreover, the species with smaller initial proportion usually had higher relative yield in mixtures. This would tend to promote the coexistence of these two species. Our results suggest that hydrologic regime change has the potential to produce marked influences on plant productivity and ecosystem carbon budget in the Sanjiang Plain. Moreover, competition is an additional important determinant of plant distribution and community structure in this area.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Effects of hydrology and competition on plant growth in a freshwater marsh of northeast China

Zhang

Mao

Gong

et al. 2013

Journal of Freshwater Ecology

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“…Transitivity was examined using two approaches. First, the relative intransitivity (Laird and Schamp 2008) of the seedling and adult relative yield matrices were calculated. This approach yields an index ranging between 0 (fully transitive with a clear competitive hierarchy) and 1 (maximal intransitivity for that matrix with no clear fully dominant and subordinate species) that allows the degree of transitivity in competition matrices to be easily compared.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant competitive ability and the transitivity of competitive hierarchies change with plant age

Zhang

Lamb

2011

Plant Ecol

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Plant competitive effect and response ability are known to change with plant age, however it remains unclear how competitive hierarchies among plant species change as plants age and transition between life stages. We examined the competitive interactions among seven species in all pairwise combinations in a greenhouse experiment. Competitive effect and response were measured as the relative yield (RY) for each target-neighbor species combination for both seedling and adult plants. Competitive hierarchies were constructed based on competitive effect and response scores, and we examined the degree of transitivity in the seedling and adult competitive hierarchies. The competitive effect hierarchy did not vary substantially with plant age, while the competitive response hierarchy was highly variable between juvenile and adult plants. Competitive effect and response ability were positively correlated at both plant stages. The seedling relative yield matrix was predominantly transitive, while there were far fewer transitive competitive relationships among the adult plants. The breakdown of the clear competitive hierarchy among seedlings as plants aged may explain why competition does not appear to be an active mechanism structuring some late-successional plant communities. In early-successional communities, interactions among seedlings with a clear competitive hierarchy may establish competitive ability-abundance relationships that persist as a legacy effect even though the breakdown of the competitive hierarchy among adult plants removes competition as an active mechanism structuring some late-successional plant communities.

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“…In particular, S = 4 is the simplest case in which neutral pairs may form noninteracting, passive alliances that prevent or delay invasions [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. On the other hand, active defensive alliances [27] may appear among non-mutually-neutral species (cyclic alliances) when the interaction graph has more than a single loop [22,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]. This is obtained for S = 4 by introducing crossed interactions with rate χ (see Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Globally synchronized oscillations in complex cyclic games

Rulquin

Arenzon

2014

Phys. Rev. E

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The rock-paper-scissors game and its generalizations with S > 3 species are well-studied models for cyclically interacting populations. Four is, however, the minimum number of species that, by allowing other interactions beyond the single, cyclic loop, breaks both the full intransitivity of the food graph and the one-predator, one-prey symmetry. Lütz et al. [J. Theor. Biol. 317, 286 (2013)] have shown the existence, on a square lattice, of two distinct phases, with either four or three coexisting species. In both phases, each agent is eventually replaced by one of its predators, but these strategy oscillations remain localized as long as the interactions are short ranged. Distant regions may be either out of phase or cycling through different food-web subloops (if any). Here we show that upon replacing a minimum fraction Q of the short-range interactions by long-range ones, there is a Hopf bifurcation, and global oscillations become stable. Surprisingly, to build such long-distance, global synchronization, the four-species coexistence phase requires fewer long-range interactions than the three-species phase, while one would naively expect the opposite to be true. Moreover, deviations from highly homogeneous conditions (χ = 0 or 1) increase Q c , and the more heterogeneous is the food web, the harder the synchronization is. By further increasing Q, while the three-species phase remains stable, the four-species one has a transition to an absorbing, single-species state. The existence of a phase with global oscillations for S > 3, when the interaction graph has multiple subloops and several possible local cycles, leads to the conjecture that global oscillations are a general characteristic, even for large, realistic food webs.

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Does Local Competition Increase the Coexistence of Species in Intransitive Networks

Cited by 77 publications

References 53 publications

Effects of hydrology and competition on plant growth in a freshwater marsh of northeast China

Effects of hydrology and competition on plant growth in a freshwater marsh of northeast China

Plant competitive ability and the transitivity of competitive hierarchies change with plant age

Globally synchronized oscillations in complex cyclic games

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