Does Low Birth Weight Predict Hypertension and Obesity in Schoolchildren?

Zarrati, Mitra; Shidfar, Farzad; Razmpoosh, Elham; Nezhad, Farinaz Nasir; Keivani, Hosein; Hemami, Mohsen Rezaei; Asemi, Zatollah

doi:10.1159/000351869

Cited by 40 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Low birth weight (LBW) is associated with many chronic conditions in later life, including obesity, hypertension and coronary heart diseases 1 2. Infants born with LBW are at a higher risk of death in the first year of life and lower educational attainment and income earnings in adult life 3–5.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective cohort study of the association between maternal employment precarity and infant low birth weight in women in the USA

et al. 2020

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ObjectivesTo investigate the association between maternal employment precarity and infant low birth weight (LBW), and to assess if this association differs by race/ethnicity.MethodsData were collected from 2871 women enrolled in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Children and Young Adult Cohort. Employment precarity was evaluated using a summary variable that combined several employment attributes: availability of employer-sponsored insurance, income, long shifts, non-daytime shifts, availability of employer sponsored training or educational benefits and membership in a union or collective bargaining unit. Employment precarity scores (a sum of the number of negative employment attributes) were categorised into low (0–2), medium (3) and high (4-6). LBW was defined as weight less than 2500 g at birth. Modified Poisson models were fit to calculate risk ratios and 95% CIs and adjusted for maternal age, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, nativity, prepregnancy body mass index, alcohol consumption, smoking during pregnancy and infant year of birth. We assessed effect modification by maternal race/ethnicity using a composite exposure-race variable.ResultsWomen with high employment precarity had higher risk of a LBW delivery compared with women with low employment precarity (RR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.98). Compared to non-Hispanic/non-black women with low employment precarity, non-Hispanic black women (RR: 2.68; 95% CI: 1.72 to 4.15), Hispanic women (RR: 2.53; 95% CI: 1.54 to 4.16) and non-Hispanic/non-black women (RR: 1.46; 95% CI: 0.98 to 2.16) with high employment precarity had higher risk of LBW.ConclusionsWe observed higher risk of LBW in pregnancies of women with high employment precarity; this association was stronger among black and Hispanic mothers compared to non-Hispanic/non-black women. Findings of this study can be used to inform antenatal care and identify workplace policies to better support women who work during pregnancy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective cohort study of the association between maternal employment precarity and infant low birth weight in women in the USA

et al. 2020

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“…22 LBW is an indicator of suboptimal fetal growth and is an important predictor of long-term health outcomes including morbidity and mortality from CVD. [23][24][25] LBW has shown to be an independent risk factor for childhood CVD risk factors such as obesity, 26 high blood pressure, 9,[27][28][29][30] and poor lipid profile. 31 However, some studies have found a weak association or no association between birth weight and subsequent risk of developing high blood pressure [32][33][34] or childhood hypertension.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between birth weight and childhood cardiovascular disease risk factors in West Virginia

Umer

Hamilton

Cottrell

et al. 2019

J Dev Orig Health Dis

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The reported associations between birth weight and childhood cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors have been inconsistent. In this study, we investigated the relationship between birth weight and CVD risk factors at 11 years of age. This study used longitudinally linked data from three cross-sectional datasets (N = 22,136) in West Virginia; analysis was restricted to children born full-term (N = 19,583). The outcome variables included resting blood pressure [systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP)] and lipid profile [total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, non-HDL, and triglycerides (TG)]. Multiple regression analyses were performed, adjusting for child’s body mass index (BMI), sociodemographics, and lifestyle characteristics. Unadjusted analyses showed a statistically significant association between birth weight and SBP, DBP, HDL, and TG. When adjusted for the child’s BMI, the association between birth weight and HDL [b = 0.14 (95% CI: 0.11, 0.18) mg/dl per 1000 g increase] and between birth weight and TG [b = –0.007 (–0.008, –0.005) mg/dl per 1000 g increase] remained statistically significant. In the fully adjusted model, low birth weight was associated with higher LDL, non-HDL, and TGs, and lower HDL levels. The child’s current BMI at 11 years of age partially (for HDL, non-HDL, and TG) and fully mediated (for SBP and DBP) the relationship between birth weight and select CVD risk factors. While effects were modest, these risk factors may persist and amplify with age, leading to potentially unfavorable consequences in later adulthood.

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“…Higher or lower fetal growth has been implicated in a number of childhood and adult-onset chronic diseases and conditions including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, obesity and CVD (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6) . Epigenetic processes, particularly DNA methylation, regulate fetal programming and development by influencing gene expression (7) .…”

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confidence: 99%

Maternal betaine status, but not that of choline or methionine, is inversely associated with infant birth weight

Wei

Yang

et al. 2019

Br J Nutr

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Maternal one-carbon metabolism during pregnancy is crucial for fetal development and programming by DNA methylation. However, evidence on one-carbon biomarkers other than folate is lacking. We, therefore, investigated whether maternal plasma methyl donors, that is, choline, betaine and methionine, are associated with birth outcomes. Blood samples were obtained from 115 women during gestation (median 26·3 weeks, 90 % range 22·7–33·0 weeks). Plasma choline, betaine, methionine and dimethylglycine were measured using HPLC-tandem MS. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between plasma biomarkers and birth weight, birth length, the risk of small-for-gestational-age and large-for-gestational-age (LGA). Higher level of maternal betaine was associated with lower birth weight (–130·3 (95 % CI –244·8, –15·9) per 1 sd increment for log-transformed betaine). Higher maternal methionine was associated with lower risk of LGA, and adjusted OR, with 95 % CI for 1 sd increase in methionine concentration was 0·44 (95 % CI 0·21, 0·89). Stratified analyses according to infant sex or maternal plasma homocysteine status showed that reduction in birth weight in relation to maternal betaine was only limited to male infants or to who had higher maternal homocysteine status (≥5·1 µmol/l). Higher maternal betaine status was associated with reduced birth weight. Maternal methionine was inversely associated with LGA risk. These findings are needed to be replicated in future larger studies.

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Does Low Birth Weight Predict Hypertension and Obesity in Schoolchildren?

Cited by 40 publications

References 65 publications

Retrospective cohort study of the association between maternal employment precarity and infant low birth weight in women in the USA

Retrospective cohort study of the association between maternal employment precarity and infant low birth weight in women in the USA

Association between birth weight and childhood cardiovascular disease risk factors in West Virginia

Maternal betaine status, but not that of choline or methionine, is inversely associated with infant birth weight

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