Does lowering of cholesterol levels influence functional properties of large arteries?

Kool, M. J. F.; Boudier, Harry Struijker; Bortel, Lucas Van; Lustermans, F. A. T.; Kragten, Hans; Hoeks, Arnold P.G.; Reneman, R. S.; Rila, H.; Ij, Hoogendam

doi:10.1007/bf00198301

Cited by 62 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…12 In another study, there was no decrease in BP among normotensive subjects. 22 Glorioso et al 23 conducted a trial of pravastatin in 30 hypertensive, hypercholesterolemic subjects and demonstrated that, compared with placebo, treatment with pravastatin significantly decreased systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressures and blunted the BP increase induced by the cold pressor test.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dyslipidemia and the Risk of Incident Hypertension in Men

Halperin

Sesso²,

Ma³

et al. 2006

Hypertension

288

190

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Abstract-Evidence suggests that hypertension may share a similar pathophysiology with cardiovascular disease (CVD).Thus, dyslipidemia, a strong predictor of CVD, may also predict incident hypertension. We analyzed 3110 men free of hypertension, CVD, and cancer from the Physicians' Health Study, who provided baseline blood samples from which we measured total cholesterol (TC) and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), and calculated non-HDL-C and the TC/HDL-C ratio. We categorized each lipid parameter into quintiles and considered National Cholesterol Education Project clinical cut points. Other risk factor information was provided from self-reports on the baseline questionnaire. Incident hypertension was defined as either the initiation of antihypertensive treatment, self-reported systolic blood pressure Ն140 mm Hg, or diastolic blood pressure Ն90 mm Hg. Over a mean follow-up of 14.1 years, 1019 men developed hypertension. In Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for lifestyle and clinical risk factors, men in the highest quintile of TC, non-HDL-C, and TC/HDL-C ratio had increased risks of developing hypertension of 23%, 39%, and 54%, respectively, compared with participants in the lowest quintile. Furthermore, men in the highest quintile of HDL-C had a 32% decreased risk of developing hypertension compared with those in the lowest quintile. Models using National Cholesterol Education Project cut points demonstrated similar associations with hypertension. Models excluding men with diabetes and obesity maintained an independent association between baseline lipids and hypertension. These prospective cohort data suggest that dyslipidemias may lead to the subsequent development of hypertension. Thus, plasma lipids may be useful in the identification of men at risk for hypertension. Key Words: cholesterol Ⅲ lipids Ⅲ hypertension Ⅲ blood pressure Ⅲ men Ⅲ prospective studies H ypertension is a common condition that affects Ͼ50 million Americans 1 and is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Although several risk factors for the development of hypertension have been identified, 2 its etiology is still not fully understood. 1 Hypertension is commonly associated with other cardiovascular risk factors, such as obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. 3 The presence of these cardiovascular risk factors and the resulting endothelial dysfunction may play a role in the pathophysiology of hypertension. 4 Dyslipidemia, a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease, 5 causes endothelial damage, 6 -8 and the loss of physiological vasomotor activity that results from endothelial damage may become manifested as increased blood pressure (BP). Therefore, factors like dyslipidemia that cause endothelial dysfunction may lead to hypertension. Cross-sectional studies have suggested a link between abnormal lipids and hypertension. 4,9,10 A few studies have prospectively examined the relationship between plasma lipids and the future development of hypertension, finding that there is an association between plasma lipids and development of hyp...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dyslipidemia and the Risk of Incident Hypertension in Men

Halperin

Sesso²,

Ma³

et al. 2006

Hypertension

288

190

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In an observational study in 127 hypertensive patients with hypercholesterolemia, the use of pravastatin or simvastatin in combination with various antihypertensive agents was associated with a greater reduction in both systolic and diastolic pressure than antihypertensive treatment alone (C. Borghi, oral communication, 1999). Other studies that included either normotensive individuals 20,23,24 or hypertensive patients in whom blood pressure was controlled 22 failed to find a blood pressure-lowering effect of statins. These findings suggest that similar to most antihypertensive agents, statins may decrease elevated but not normal blood pressure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors on Blood Pressure in Patients With Essential Hypertension and Primary Hypercholesterolemia

et al. 1999

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Abstract-Certain hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, ie, statins, may cause vasodilation by restoring the endothelial dysfunction that frequently accompanies hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Several studies have found that a blood pressure reduction is associated with the use of statins, but conclusive evidence from controlled trials is lacking. After an 8-week placebo and diet run-in period, 30 persons with moderate hypercholesterolemia and untreated hypertension (total cholesterol 6.29Ϯ0.52 mmol/L, systolic and diastolic blood pressure 149Ϯ6 and 97Ϯ2 mm Hg) were randomized in a double-blind manner to placebo or pravastatin (20 to 40 mg/d) in a crossover design. In 25 participants who completed the 32-week trial, pravastatin decreased total and LDL cholesterol (both Ϫ1.09 mmol/L, Pϭ0.001), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (Ϫ8 and Ϫ5 mm Hg, both Pϭ0.001), and pulse pressure (Ϫ3 mm Hg, Pϭ0.011) and blunted the blood pressure increase caused by the cold pressor test (Ϫ4 mm Hg, Pϭ0.005) compared with placebo. It also reduced the level of circulating endothelin-1 (Pϭ0.001). The blood pressure results were virtually unchanged in stratified analyses according to gender and age and in intention-to-treat analyses that included the 5 patients who dropped out of the study. When the participants were taking either placebo or pravastatin, blood pressure was not significantly correlated with total or LDL cholesterol or with circulating endothelin-1. Pravastatin decreases systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressures in persons with moderate hypercholesterolemia and hypertension. This antihypertensive effect may contribute to the documented health benefits of certain statins. (Hypertension. 1999;34:1281-1286.)Key Words: statins Ⅲ blood pressure Ⅲ cholesterol Ⅲ endothelin Ⅲ hypertension, essential Ⅲ hypercholesterolemia C ertain statins, or hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, are clinically proven to prevent coronary and cerebrovascular events in persons with increased plasma cholesterol levels. 1 In a large primary prevention trial, 2 it has been observed that compared with placebo, pravastatin can decrease the risk of cardiovascular events early after randomization. These findings suggest that in addition to the long-term prevention of atherosclerosis, other more immediate mechanisms might account for the clinical benefits of statins. 3 Several short-term studies have shown that statins can improve endothelial function and the endothelium-dependent arterial vasodilation that are typically altered in persons with increased plasma cholesterol levels. 4 -7 Hypercholesterolemia, endothelial dysfunction, and hypertension are frequently coexisting conditions, even in the absence of documented atherosclerotic lesions. 8 -11 Moreover, recent animal data indicate that the effect of pravastatin on the endothelium might be due in part to nonlipid effects. 12 In theory, by improving endothelial dysfunction, cholesterol reduction with statins may decrease blood pressure in persons wi...

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“…23 However, compliance of the radial artery did not decrease, probably compensating for the loss of compliance in elastic arteries. 24 Compared to healthy subjects, in patients with (2) mild hypercholesterolemia 25 and in patients with (3) uncomplicated insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, 26 arterial distensibility was lower at the femoral but not at the carotid artery. Studies on the effects of aging were mainly investigating central arteries in relatively small groups.…”

Section: Effect Of Aging On Large Artery Compliancementioning

confidence: 94%

Influence of aging on arterial compliance

Bortel

Spek

1998

J Hum Hypertens

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With aging, pulse pressure increases. A high pulse pressure has been recognised as an important cardiovascular risk factor. The increase in pulse pressure with aging is mainly due to a decrease in large artery compliance. Compliance and distensibility are large artery wall properties. Compliance is the buffering capacity of the vessel. Distensibility reflects much more the elasticity of the artery. Compliance is related to distensibility and arterial diameter. These large artery wall properties can be measured non-invasively using new echo-tracking techniques. With these techniques it has been shown that the elasticity (distensibility) and the buffering capacity (compliance) of the common carotid artery is decreasing with aging, while diameter of the artery increases. This increase in diameter might be a compen-

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Does lowering of cholesterol levels influence functional properties of large arteries?

Cited by 62 publications

References 33 publications

Dyslipidemia and the Risk of Incident Hypertension in Men

Dyslipidemia and the Risk of Incident Hypertension in Men

Effect of the HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors on Blood Pressure in Patients With Essential Hypertension and Primary Hypercholesterolemia

Influence of aging on arterial compliance

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