Does Matter Wave Amplification Work for Fermions?

Ketterle, Wolfgang; Inouye, S.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.86.4203

Cited by 62 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In our model we suppose that the recoil of the particles is negligible. The model is in fact a realization of the physical mechanism explained in [2]. For our model we study the equilibrium states in the infinite volume limit (thermodynamic limit) and compute the corresponding thermodynamic functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Models for equilibrium BEC superradiance

Pulé

Verbeure

Zagrebnov

2004

J. Phys. A: Math. Gen.

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We study the effect of electromagnetic radiation on the condensate of a Bose gas. In an earlier paper we considered the problem for two simple models showing the cooperative effect between Bose-Einstein condensation and superradiance. In this paper we formalise the model suggested by Ketterle et al in which the Bose condensate particles have a two level structure. We present a soluble microscopic Dicke type model describing a thermodynamically stable system. We find the equilibrium states of the system and compute the thermodynamic functions giving explicit formulae expressing the cooperative effect between Bose-Einstein condensation and superradiance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these experiments boson atoms with an internal structure, condensed in a trap, are irradiated with light produced by an external laser beam. The structure of the atoms is usually represented by considering them as having two levels [2,3]. A system of two level-atoms interacting with light is very reminiscent of the Dicke model [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Models for equilibrium BEC superradiance

Pulé

Verbeure

Zagrebnov

2004

J. Phys. A: Math. Gen.

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“…When the cavity is tuned to atomic resonance ( C =0), these states are separated by the vacuum Rabi frequency 1,2 2g N . The collective interaction and N scaling are not a consequence of atomic quantum statistics, but apply to thermal and quantum degenerate bosons and fermions, and even to nonidentical particles having the same transition moment 2,18 , for a wide range of conditions in which interparticle correlations in the initial atomic state are negligible (see Supplementary Notes). Nevertheless, the spatial coherence, fundamentally lowest kinetic energy and smallest size of a BEC influence its interaction with light and make it the most desirable atomic state in many situations of conceptual and practical interest: the BEC allows to maximize the coupling and avoid decoherence effects associated with spatial inhomogeneities and with atomic motion 15 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Strong atom–field coupling for Bose–Einstein condensates in an optical cavity on a chip

Colombe¹,

Steinmetz²,

Dubois³

et al. 2007

Nature

691

711

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An optical cavity enhances the interaction between atoms and light, and the rate of coherent atom-photon coupling can be made larger than all decoherence rates of the system. For single atoms, this "strong coupling regime" of cavity quantum electrodynamics 1,2 (cQED) has been the subject of spectacular experimental advances, and great efforts have been made to control the coupling rate by trapping 3,4 and cooling the atom 5,6 towards the motional ground state, which has been achieved in one dimension so far 5 . For N atoms, the three-dimensional ground state of motion is routinely achieved in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) 7 , but although first experiments combining BECs and optical cavities have been reported recently 8,9 , coupling BECs to strong-coupling cavities has remained an elusive goal. Here we report such an experiment, which is made possible by combining a new type of fibre-based cavity 10 with atom chip technology 11 . This allows single-atom cQED experiments with a simplified setup and realizes the new situation of N atoms in a cavity each of which is identically and strongly coupled to the cavity mode 12 . Moreover, the BEC can be positioned deterministically anywhere within the cavity and localized entirely within a single antinode of the standing-wave cavity field. This gives rise to a controlled, tunable coupling rate, as we confirm experimentally. We study the heating rate caused by a cavity transmission measurement as a function of the coupling rate and find no measurable heating for strongly coupled BECs. The spectrum of the coupled atoms-cavity system, which we map out over a wide range of atom numbers and cavity-atom detunings, shows vacuum Rabi splittings exceeding 20 gigahertz, as well as an unpredicted additional splitting which we attribute to the atomic hyperfine structure. The system is suitable as a light-matter quantum interface for quantum information 13 . 2 The interaction of an ensemble of N atoms with a single mode of radiation has been a recurrent theme in quantum optics at least since the work of Dicke 14 , who showed that under certain conditions the atoms interact with the radiation collectively, giving rise to new effects such as superradiance. Recently, collective interactions with weak fields, with and without a cavity, have become a focus of theoretical and experimental investigations, especially since it became clear that they can turn the ensemble into a quantum memory 13,15 . Such a memory would become a key element for processing quantum information 13,16 if realized with near-unit conversion efficiency and long storage time. The figure of merit determining the probability of converting an atomic excitation into a cavity photon (a "memory qubit" into a "flying qubit") is the between the ensemble and the field, 2 is the cavity photon decay rate and 2 the atomic spontaneous emission rate. (Up to a factor of order 1, C N is the single-pass optical depth of the atomic sample multiplied by the cavity finesse .) For weak excitation, to which we restrict oursel...

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“…At later times = 3T 4 and = T , even more complicated patterns appear which show the rich dynamics in the splitting process due to the intra-species interaction. Here we are assuming that, when tunnelling between the two traps is not negligible, the phase coherence of the condensates is well preserved due to the Bosonic enhancement [33]. To help visualize the population dynamics more clearly, we show the axial density as function of time in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Splitting dynamics of a two-species Bose-Einstein condensate in two translating traps

Sun

Pindzola

2011

Open Physics

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Abstract:We extend our previous work of splitting a single-species Bose-Einstein condensate in two translating traps to a two-species condensate. Different from the single species case where interaction is considered as a damping mechanism to the motion of the condensate, we find that, in the two species case, the damping effect is much less obvious and the splitting dynamics exhibit different behaviors. The distribution of each component are not damped towards 50:50 for large interaction strength in the two wells. Our conclusions are supported by investigating the dependence of the splitting on both the translation speed and the interspecies scattering length. PACS

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Does Matter Wave Amplification Work for Fermions?

Cited by 62 publications

References 18 publications

Models for equilibrium BEC superradiance

Models for equilibrium BEC superradiance

Strong atom–field coupling for Bose–Einstein condensates in an optical cavity on a chip

Splitting dynamics of a two-species Bose-Einstein condensate in two translating traps

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