Does medication administration affect the rate of orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption development in humans? A systematic review

Abstract

Summary Background Recently, the potential impact of different medications on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement and the associated root resorption has been systematically reviewed in animal studies and various effects have been shown. However, animal data cannot be extrapolated to human clinical situations directly. Objectives To systematically investigate the most up to date available evidence from controlled human studies regarding the effect of medication administration on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement and associated root resorption development. Search methods We searched eight databases (covering also grey literature) without restrictions and we performed hand searching up until October 2018. Selection criteria Controlled studies in humans assessing the effect of various medications on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption development. Data collection and analysis Study selection was followed by data extraction and risk of bias assessment using the ROBINS-I tool for non-randomized and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for randomized studies. Results Eight studies, at various risk of bias, were finally identified. With regard to the rate of orthodontic tooth movement, local injections of prostaglandin E1 were found to exert an increasing effect, whereas systemic intake of nabumetone decreased it. Following tenoxicam administration, drinking water with fluoride or local injections of calcitriol (vitamin D metabolite), no significant effects were demonstrated. Concerning root resorption development, nabumetone administration was shown to reduce it, whereas fluoride, overall, was not observed to exert any effect. Only in individuals subjected to heavy orthodontic forces, did fluoride show a protective effect for the period of force application, but not in the longer term during retention. Conclusions The aforementioned substances may show varying effects on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption development in human subjects. Despite the observed limitations, the orthodontist should be able to identify patients taking pharmaceuticals and consider any implications related to orthodontic treatment. Registration PROSPERO (CRD42017078208).

Could medications and biologic factors affect post‐orthodontic tooth movement changes? A systematic review of animal studies

“…Pharmaceutical and other substances may have an impact on the signalling processes that are associated with bone remodelling pathways associated with orthodontic tooth movement and relapse phenomena 18,19 . Medicinal administration has been shown to affect tooth movement both in animals and humans 20‐24 . On the basis of the findings of the present review of animal studies, it may be said that the administration of specific substances may have an effect on the rate of relapse.…”

“…18,19 Medicinal administration has been shown to affect tooth movement both in animals and humans. [20][21][22][23][24] On the basis of the findings of the present review of animal studies, it may be said that the administration of specific substances may have an effect on the rate of relapse. Since information concerning the most appropriate retention strategy is still not complete, 52,53 the orthodontist should be knowledgeable about medications and biologic factors that may affect tooth movement in patients who have completed their orthodontic treatment and are in the phase of retention.…”

“…As orthodontic tooth movement can be modulated by any substance administered that can have effects on the molecular pathways involved, 18,19 the potential impact of different medications on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement has been systematically reviewed previously, and various effects have been shown in animals 20‐23 . Effects in human subjects have also been documented 24,25 . To the best of our knowledge, there has not been any systematic review comprehensively elaborating the potential effect of medications and other biologic factors on the rate of relapse following active orthodontic tooth movement, as the available studies have not managed to identify and appraise all the pertinent information 26…”

“…[20][21][22][23] Effects in human subjects have also been documented. 24,25 To the best of our knowledge, there has not been any systematic review comprehensively elaborating the potential effect of medications and other biologic factors on the rate of relapse following active orthodontic tooth movement, as the available studies have not managed to identify and appraise all the pertinent information. 26…”

Do analgesics used for the pain experienced after orthodontic procedures affect tooth movement rate? A systematic review based on animal studies

“…Since any medication taken may impact the biochemical processes leading to orthodontic tooth movement, a thorough understanding of their effects is necessary . Current information originating from human trials regarding the effect of analgesics is limited to two studies, investigating the non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs nabumetone and tenoxicam …”