Does memory reactivation during sleep support generalization at the cost of memory specifics?

Witkowski, Sarah; Noh, Sharon M.; Lee, Victoria; Grimaldi, Daniela; Preston, Alison R.; Paller, Ken A.

doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107442

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…First, TMR did have a robust effect on behavior, both across participants and independent studies (scalp and iEEG), indicating a systematic influence on neural processes during NREM sleep. Second, as outlined in detail above, a growing number of studies reported similar detrimental effects on behavior when several targets were associated with a given TMR cue 30 , 79 , 80 , 86 . Third, multivariate analysis methods (such as MVPA 87 or representational similarity analysis 88 ) have been proven valuable tools to identify memory reactivation during both wakefulness and sleep 5 , 78 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Spindle-locked ripples mediate memory reactivation during human NREM sleep

Schreiner,

Griffiths,

Kutlu

et al. 2024

Nat Commun

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Memory consolidation relies in part on the reactivation of previous experiences during sleep. The precise interplay of sleep-related oscillations (slow oscillations, spindles and ripples) is thought to coordinate the information flow between relevant brain areas, with ripples mediating memory reactivation. However, in humans empirical evidence for a role of ripples in memory reactivation is lacking. Here, we investigated the relevance of sleep oscillations and specifically ripples for memory reactivation during human sleep using targeted memory reactivation. Intracranial electrophysiology in epilepsy patients and scalp EEG in healthy participants revealed that elevated levels of slow oscillation - spindle activity coincided with the read-out of experimentally induced memory reactivation. Importantly, spindle-locked ripples recorded intracranially from the medial temporal lobe were found to be correlated with the identification of memory reactivation during non-rapid eye movement sleep. Our findings establish ripples as key-oscillation for sleep-related memory reactivation in humans and emphasize the importance of the coordinated interplay of the cardinal sleep oscillations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Spindle-locked ripples mediate memory reactivation during human NREM sleep

Schreiner,

Griffiths,

Kutlu

et al. 2024

Nat Commun

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“…While previous evidence points towards beneficial effects of a sleep-filled delay on both generalization and memory specificity when studied separately (e.g., Durrant et al, 2011;Ellenbogen et al, 2007;Friedrich et al, 2015;Hanert et al, 2017), only a handful of studies have investigated the time-dependent fate of memory for generalizations and specific details in tandem over a sleep-filled delay (Chatburn et al, 2021;Friedrich et al, 2020;Lau et al, 2011;Schapiro et al, 2017). Further, inspired by traditional consolidation theories, recent studies in Generalization and memory specificity in childhood 6 adults have fostered the idea that generalized knowledge comes at the cost of detailed memory (Richards et al, 2014;Tompary & Davachi, 2017;Witkowski et al, 2021). It remains thus unclear how age affects retention and gains for specific and generalized memories over a delay, and whether they occur in a trade-off fashion across different ages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age differences in generalization, memory specificity and their overnight fate in childhood

Buchberger¹,

Joechner²,

Ngo³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Adaptive memories are formed in the face of a fundamental tension: extracting commonalities across experiences to generate novel inferences (i.e., generalization), while simultaneously forming separate representations of similar events (i.e., memory specificity). Theoretical memory models suggest that specific experiences are initially encoded as hippocampus-dependent episodic memories and slowly become amenable to generalization through consolidation. Post-learning sleep facilitates such consolidation processes. However, generalization can also occur rapidly during wakefulness. Contemporary models propose that rapid generalization relies on the retrieval of specific episodes. In a sample of 141 four- to eight-year-old children, we investigated whether (i) age differentially relates to generalization and memory specificity, (ii) generalization is contingent on different aspects of past experiences, and (iii) the effect of a sleep-filled delay on generalization and memory specificity differs across age. We found age-related differences in generalization and memory specificity, with improvements with age being more pronounced in generalization than in memory specificity. Unlike prior evidence in adults, children’s generalization success was contingent on retrieving specific object conceptual properties and on inter-object semantic proximity, but not on perceptual attributes or surrounding contexts. Further, older children were more likely to retain general and specific aspects of memory after an overnight delay. However, age-related gains differed across memory functions: Compared to younger children, older children showed greater gains in generalized, but not in specific memories. These findings reveal those aspects of past experiences upon which children draw when creating inferences, and suggest that the effects of sleep on generalization and memory specificity interact with age.

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“…One study did apply SWS TMR to an abstraction task and suggest a benefit, but the lack of a non-cued control makes the results difficult to interpret (Batterink and Paller, 2017). Another study showed no effect of SWS TMR on generalisation (Witkowski et al, 2021), while in a third study, such stimulation appeared to produce a deficit in abstraction (Hennies et al, 2017). Nonetheless, SWS has been linked to positive effects in numerous abstraction-related tasks (see (Lerner and Gluck, 2019) for a review).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%