Does microwave and hydrogen peroxide disinfection reduce Candida albicans biofilm on polymethyl methacrylate denture surfaces?

Removal effect of Candida albicans biofilms from the PMMA resin surface by using a manganese oxide nanozyme-doped diatom microbubbler

“…The prepared resin specimens were rinsed for 5 min in an ultrasonic cleaner and immersed in distilled water for 24 h [ 24 ]. After that, the specimens were sterilized under ultraviolet light for 8 h per side and then stored in sterile bags [ 16 ].…”

“…Since it is difficult for the elderly or disabled patients to use correct mechanical cleaning methods, the use of chemical methods is recommended [ 13 , 14 ]. Chemical denture cleaners such as hydrogen peroxides, chlorhexidine digluconate, and commercial effervescent denture cleaners have been conventionally used [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ] However, these cleaners are insufficiently effective in removing matured biofilms, especially those formed by Candida. [ 19 , 20 ] The C. albicans biofilm on dentures has resistance to denture cleaners and antifungal drugs [ 21 , 22 ].…”

Microwaves, a potential treatment for bacteria: A review

“…As a component of the electromagnetic spectrum, MW can generate electromagnetic fields, and the strength of the electromagnetic field is positively correlated with the frequency of the MW ( Nguyen et al, 2015 ). One study ( Martinez-Serna et al, 2021 ) tested whether hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) immersion and MW exposure could exhibit the antibacterial effect of C. albicans biofilms on the surface of polymethyl methacrylate discs, showing that H 2 O 2 alone could not eliminate the formation of C. albicans biofilms; however, the 650 W MW combination for 3 min reduced C. albicans biofilm formation. With high resistance to physical and chemical treatments ( Andersson et al, 1995 ).…”

“…Compared with chemical sterilization, MW sterilization is more environmentally friendly ( Goel et al, 2014 ). Given that high-power, long-term MW can effectively destroy bacterial cell membranes to kill bacteria ( Kim et al, 2008 ; Nguyen et al, 2015 ; Park et al, 2017 ; Martinez-Serna et al, 2021 ), MW has shown good development potential in the sterilization and biofilm destruction of laboratory and medical equipment ( Yezdani et al, 2015 ), foods ( Song and Kang, 2016 ; Cho and Chung, 2020 ), and environment ( Mawioo et al, 2016 ; Tong et al, 2016 ). Recently, many microwave systems ( Hoff et al, 2021 ; Tilley et al, 2021 ) have been used for the inactivation of airborne pathogens, and the effect of killing pathogens is remarkable, which gives us hope for the development and application of microwave in vitro sterilization.…”

“…Fortunately, an increasing number of researchers have devoted themselves to the field of MW absorption and electromagnetic interference shielding and have achieved many excellent research results ( Quan et al, 2017 ; Wang L. et al, 2021 ). Second, the temperature control of MW irradiation is limited, which poses a risk for in vivo therapy because MW interacts with all polar molecules ( Martinez-Serna et al, 2021 ; Shaw et al, 2021 ). At present, there is still a lack of relevant research on the effects of MWs of different frequencies on the human body, and further research is needed.…”