Does Monastic Life Predispose to the Risk of Saint Anthony's Fire (Herpes Zoster)?

Gaillat, J.; Gajdos, Vincent; Launay, Odile; Malvy, Denis; Demoures, Bruno; Lewden, L.; Pinchinat, Sybil; Derrough, Tarik; Sana, C.; Caulin, E.; Soubeyrand, B.

doi:10.1093/cid/cir436

Cited by 51 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Exposure to varicella might reduce the risk of zoster [37,38] and on the other hand, its absence would lead to an increase of herpes zoster [34,39]. Although this possible negative effect of the two-dose universal vaccination programme has not been taken into account in this study, recent studies have not demonstrated a relationship between varicella vaccination and increase of zoster disease in the general population [20,40,41]. Moreover, others have reported a reduction in zoster incidence in vaccinated [40,42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Impact of universal two-dose vaccination on varicella epidemiology in Navarre, Spain, 2006 to 2012

et al. 2013

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In 2007 in Navarre, Spain, universal varicella vaccination with two doses of Varivax was introduced in the childhood immunisation schedule for children aged 15 months and three years. This study describes changes in the epidemiology of varicella in the period 2006 to 2012 and evaluates vaccination effectiveness using epidemiological surveillance data. The incidence of varicella in children aged 0 to 14 years decreased by 98.1%, from 50.1 cases per 1,000 inhabitants in 2006, to 1.0 per 1,000 in 2012. Children aged one to eight years were the vaccinated cohorts, and their incidence of varicella decreased by 98.5% (p<0.0001). In unvaccinated age groups, important reductions were also achieved between 2006 and 2012: 90.5% (p<0.0001) in infants under one year of age, and 89.4% (p<0.0001) in children aged nine years. In the period 2006 to 2012, the hospital admissions rate for varicella or its complications decreased by 89.0%, and in 2012, there was only one admission of a newborn with neonatal varicella. Vaccine effectiveness for at least one dose was 96.8% (95% confidence interval: 96.3-97.2%). Universal vaccination with two doses has reduced varicella circulation to minimum levels within five years and has proved highly effective.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Impact of universal two-dose vaccination on varicella epidemiology in Navarre, Spain, 2006 to 2012

et al. 2013

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“…If periodic exposure to children with varicella does not reduce the incidence of HZ, there is no reason to force children and their parents to cope with varicella or to risk the damage that varicella can do to immunocompromised hosts. In a French study of isolated middle-aged individuals living in a convent and a monastery without exposure to children, the incidence of HZ was not higher than that of the population living with children in the neighboring village (178). Although the incidence of HZ is increasing in the United States, the increase began long before the varicella vaccine was licensed in 1995 (179,180).…”

Section: Zoster Vaccinementioning

confidence: 97%

Pathogenesis and Current Approaches to Control of Varicella-Zoster Virus Infections

2013

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SUMMARY Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) was once thought to be a fairly innocuous pathogen. That view is no longer tenable. The morbidity and mortality due to the primary and secondary diseases that VZV causes, varicella and herpes zoster (HZ), are significant. Fortunately, modern advances, including an available vaccine to prevent varicella, a therapeutic vaccine to diminish the incidence and ameliorate sequelae of HZ, effective antiviral drugs, a better understanding of VZV pathogenesis, and advances in diagnostic virology have made it possible to control VZV in the United States. Occult forms of VZV-induced disease have been recognized, including zoster sine herpete and enteric zoster, which have expanded the field. Future progress should include development of more effective vaccines to prevent HZ and a more complete understanding of the consequences of VZV latency in the enteric nervous system.

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“…A large-scale European serology has indicated a lower HZ incidence by age in countries where varicella force of infection (FOI) is higher [2]. Nonetheless, contrary evidence also exists [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on optimal control of varicella and herpes zoster by mass routine varicella vaccination

et al. 2016

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Herpes zoster arises from reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), causing varicella in children. As reactivation occurs when cell-mediated immunity (CMI) declines, and there is evidence that re-exposure to VZV boosts CMI, mass varicella immunization might increase the zoster burden, at least for some decades. Fear of this natural zoster boom is the main reason for the paralysis of varicella immunization in Europe. We apply optimal control to a realistically parametrized age-structured model for VZV transmission and reactivation to investigate whether feasible varicella immunization paths that are optimal in controlling both varicella and zoster exist. We analyse the optimality system numerically focusing on the role of the cost functional, of the relative zoster-varicella cost and of the planning horizon length. We show that optimal programmes will mostly be unfeasible for public health owing to their complex temporal profiles. This complexity is the consequence of the intrinsically antagonistic nature of varicella immunization programmes when aiming to control both varicella and zoster. However, we show that gradually increasing-hence feasible-vaccination schedules can perform better than routine programmes with constant vaccine uptake. Finally, we show the optimal profiles of feasible programmes targeting mitigation of the post-immunization natural zoster boom with priority.

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Does Monastic Life Predispose to the Risk of Saint Anthony's Fire (Herpes Zoster)?

Cited by 51 publications

References 17 publications

Impact of universal two-dose vaccination on varicella epidemiology in Navarre, Spain, 2006 to 2012

Impact of universal two-dose vaccination on varicella epidemiology in Navarre, Spain, 2006 to 2012

Pathogenesis and Current Approaches to Control of Varicella-Zoster Virus Infections

Perspectives on optimal control of varicella and herpes zoster by mass routine varicella vaccination

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