Does Music Influence Emotional State in Race Horses?

Stachurska, Anna; Janczarek, Iwona; Wilk, Izabela; Kędzierski, Witold

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2015.06.008

Cited by 38 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In the fifth month of the study, the horses which listened to music had a significantly higher salivary cortisol concentration than those horses which received a massage. An analysis of heart rate variability in horses which listened to relaxation music, also showed that the effectiveness of this method decreased after some months of the treatment (Stachurska et al 2015). Perhaps animals get accustomed to the music as time passes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…According to Carter and Greening (2012), the effect of the music on a horse's behaviour depends on the music genre. Stachurska et al (2015) showed that relaxation music positively affected the emotional state in race horses. However, little is known how these kinds of relaxation methods reduce long-lasting stress in race horses (Scott and Swenson 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Massage or music meant to be relaxing, result in lowering salivary cortisol concentration in race horses

Kędzierski¹,

Janczarek²,

Stachurska³

et al. 2017

PHK

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Summary: At the beginning of training routine, young race horses are exposed to stressful stimuli. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of a relaxing massage which the horses received in the stable, and the influence of music piped into the stable, on the longlasting stress level of the horses. 120 Purebred Arabian horses were studied. They were examined during first racing season, which lasted for six months. At the beginning of the study, the horses were 28 -31 months old. The horses were brought to Słužewiec Horse Race Track (Warsaw, Poland) from their familiar studs and were randomly assigned to music (n = 48), massage (n = 48), or control (n = 24) groups. All horses were regularly trained and competed in official races. Once a month, saliva samples were collected from each horse to determine the cortisol concentration. Both music and massage resulted in significantly lower salivary cortisol concentration compared to control treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Massage or music meant to be relaxing, result in lowering salivary cortisol concentration in race horses

Kędzierski¹,

Janczarek²,

Stachurska³

et al. 2017

PHK

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“…Podobnego zdania są Stachurska i wsp. (20). Można również zauważyć, że odpoczynek klaczy przebiega stabilniej, co w ostatecznym rozrachunku może przyczynić się do szybszego uzyskiwania przez nie stanu homeostazy (2).…”

Section: Tab 3 Stężenie Kortyzolu W śLinie Badanych Koniunclassified

Visual and behavioral assessment versus cortisol level and racing performance in Purebred Arabian horses

Janczarek¹,

Kędzierski²,

Wilk³

et al. 2018

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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SummaryThis paper analyses the hypothesis that there is a link between the psychophysical traits of horses trained for racing and the level of cortisol in the saliva and performance results in competitions. Based on this hypothesis, the objective of the study was to analyse the correlation between the evaluations of the psychosomatic status and the concentration of cortisol and performance parameters in racing horses. The study was carried out with 30 Purebred Arabian horses (15 stallions and 15 mares), aged 34-38 months. On the initial day of the experiment, the horses were kept in the area of the Służewiec Racetrack where they had arrived 3-4 months earlier. The horses were examined once, 2-3 days before the planned start of the first race. The examination was carried out during a daily training session. The visual and behavioural scores for the psychosomatic status of the horse were scaled from 1 to 5 and assigned by a trainer three times. The first assessment took place directly after physical exercise, the second 15 minutes following physical exercise, while the third one was 45 minutes after physical exercise. The following features were included: the manner of perspiration and some organoleptic characteristics of sweat, abdominal movements, gaze, head position and body movements during handling. The saliva for cortisol concentration measurements was sampled three times at time points coinciding with the observation of the psychosomatic status of the horses. The concentration of cortisol was determined with the immune-enzymatic method. In addition, an analysis of the selected performance parameters was conducted. The multivariate analysis of variance for repeated measurements, t-Tukey's test and Spearman's rank correlations were performed. It was demonstrated that the assessment of the psychosomatic status in Purebred Arabian horses may be applied based only on an analysis of some parameters determined directly after physical exercise or during the first minutes of resting (regeneration). These elements mainly include the manner of sweating and various organoleptic features of the sweat. It was also emphasized that non-observable body movements, calming down during handling, and regular abdominal movements are beneficial for stallions.

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“…Kury oddalały się od źródła dźwięków na możliwie największą odległość, z tym, że nie wykazywały szczególnych objawów stresu. W przypadku koni badania prowadzone w ostatnich latach wykazały spadek pobudliwości emocjonalnej przy długotrwałym odtwarzaniu muzyki w stajni koni wyścigowych (14). Była to muzyka rodzaju New Age specjalnie skomponowana dla koni.…”

Section: Praca Oryginalnaunclassified

First reaction of the heart rate in horses to different genres of music played in the stable

Stachurska¹,

Śniadek²,

Janczarek³

2017

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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Konie jako zwierzęta udomowione i wszechstronnie wykorzystywane przez człowieka poddawane są działaniu różnorodnych bodźców występujących w otaczającym je środowisku, między innymi różnego rodzaju dźwięków. Jest to np. hałas związany z obsłu-gą i transportem czy oprawą muzyczną towarzyszącą występom na zawodach i wystawach. Często w stajni zamiast ciszy umożliwiającej koniom komfortowy odpoczynek panuje zgiełk i słychać włączone radio z głośno nastawioną muzyką. U koni niejako automatycznie pojawia się odruch orientacyjny polegający na nastawieniu małżowiny usznej w kierunku źródła dźwięku (12). Obserwowane u koni reakcje na odbiór bodźców dźwiękowych stały się przyczynkiem do badań nad wrażliwością tych zwierząt na dźwięki o różnej częstotliwości. Słyszą one dźwięki o częstotliwościach od 55 Hz do 33,5 kHz (4, 13). Dla porównania, człowiek posiada zakres słyszalności dźwięków o częstotliwości od 16 Hz do 20 kHz. Mimo iż konie mają bardzo wraż-liwy słuch, możliwość zlokalizowania przez nie źródła dźwięku nie jest zbyt precyzyjna.Człowiek stara się zapobiegać stresowi koni i minimalizować jego wpływ, wykorzystując przy tym metody oparte na doświadczeniach w leczeniu stresu i napięć u ludzi. Stwierdzono, iż odpowiednio dobrane dźwięki nie są szkodliwe, lecz odwrotnie -mogą być dobroczynne dla organizmu ludzkiego bądź zwierzęce-go (7). Na tej podstawie rozwinęła się muzykoterapia wykorzystywana na szeroką skalę w leczeniu ludzi. Udowodniono, że muzyka na kilka sposobów wpływa na organizm: pobudza reakcje fizjologiczne, w zapisach EEG zanikają fale alfa, w których miejsce pojawiają się fale beta, zmienia częstość skurczów serca (HRheart rate), ciśnienie krwi i temperaturę skóry, pobudza reakcje psychologiczne i zmienia nastrój, a także może być czynnikiem wzmagającym lub osłabiającym efekt terapeutyczny różnego rodzaju metod leczenia (8). Tonacja majorowa wzbudza u ludzi reakcje pozytywne -odczuwają radość i energię (7). Przeciwne odczucia wywołuje natomiast tonacja minorowa, uznawana za Pierwsza reakcja częstości skurczów serca koni na różne rodzaje muzyki w stajni* First reaction of the heart rate in horses to different genres of music played in the stable Summary The aim of the study was to determine the first reaction of the heart rate (HR) in horses to piping music of different genres into the stable for a short time. The study included 26 saddle horses, mares, stallions and geldings, split into three age groups: 1-5, 6-11 and over 11 years. Three kinds of music were played within three 25-minute tests conducted on three successive days, one test a day. The tests differed in the sequence of music genres: rock, country and relaxing music. The analysis considered the mean HR at rest and during the first two and three minutes of the whole sequence of the three music genres, as well as during particular genres: minimum and maximum HR, difference between maximum HR and HR at rest, as well as the time in which HR decreased from the maximum level to the level before music was played. The data were verified by T-Tukey...

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Does Music Influence Emotional State in Race Horses?

Cited by 38 publications

References 24 publications

Massage or music meant to be relaxing, result in lowering salivary cortisol concentration in race horses

Massage or music meant to be relaxing, result in lowering salivary cortisol concentration in race horses

Visual and behavioral assessment versus cortisol level and racing performance in Purebred Arabian horses

First reaction of the heart rate in horses to different genres of music played in the stable

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