Does Orthokeratology Wearing Affect the Tear Quality of Children?

Tao, Zhengyang; Wang, Jiao; Zhu, Minjuan; Lin, Zinan; Zhao, Jun; Tang, Yu; Deng, Hongwei

doi:10.3389/fped.2021.773484

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…Myopia is the result of genetic and environmental factors, and its pathogenesis and progression mechanism are still unclear. At present, the mainstream mechanisms include regulation mechanism, hyperopic defocusing mechanism, etc [ 41 , 42 ]. The stimulating effect of periretinal hyperopia defocus on central axial myopia [ 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orthokeratology in controlling myopia of children: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Li,

Xu,

San

et al. 2023

BMC Ophthalmol

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Background Delaying the development and lowering the progression of myopia in children is the focus of current ophthalmology researches. We aimed to evaluate the role of orthokeratology in controlling myopia of children, to provide insights to the clinical treatment and care of children with myopia. Methods Two investigators searched the The Cochrane Library, Embase, Pubmed, China national knowledge infrastructure, China biomedical literature database, WanFang and Weipu databases for randomized controlled trials(RCTs) on the role of orthokeratology in controlling myopia of children up to November 5, 2022. Two researchers independently searched, screened and extracted the studies according to the inclusion and exclusion standards. RevMan5.3 software was used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 14 RCTs involving 2058 children were included in this meta-analysis. Synthesized outcomes indicated that orthokeratology improved the uncorrected visual acuity(MD = 0.40, 95%CI: 0.05 ~ 0.74), reduced the diopter change(MD=-3.19, 95%CI: -4.42~-1.95), changes of corneal curvature(MD=-3.21, 95%CI: -3.64~-2.79), the length of ocular axis (MD=-0.66, 95%CI: -1.27~-0.06) and amount of ocular axis change(MD=-0.42, 95%CI: -0.64~-0.21) after 1 year of wearing orthokeratology(all P < 0.05). Besides, orthokeratology reduced the diopter change (MD=-3.22, 95%CI: -4.86~-1.58), the length of ocular axis (MD=-1.15, 95%CI: -2.25~-0.06) and the amount of ocular axis change after 2 year of wearing orthokeratology (MD=-0.53, 95%CI: -0.96~-0.11) after 2 year of wearing orthokeratology (all P < 0.05). No publication biases were found amongst the synthesized outcomes (all P > 0.05). Conclusions Orthokeratology delays the progression of myopia in children, the long-term effects of orthokeratology need further investigations in future studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orthokeratology in controlling myopia of children: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Li,

Xu,

San

et al. 2023

BMC Ophthalmol

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“…Owing to the poor coordination with the examination of children, we used non-invasive Keratograph 5M ( 45 ) and LipiView ( 46 ) in this study to obtain objective parameters. Besides, we balanced the effect of time spent outdoors, electronic screen use, and parental smoking that might affect tear quality ( 14 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, contact lens wearing is believed to be one of the main causes of dry eye ( 13 ). Ocular surface problems of dry eyes in children wearing OrthoK have raised increasing attention from physicians ( 14 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term application of diquafosol ophthalmic solution benefits children with dry eye wearing orthokeratology lens

Yang

Tuo³

et al. 2023

Front. Med.

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PurposeThis aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 3% Diquafosol Ophthalmic Solution (DQS) on children with dry eye from wearing overnight orthokeratology (OrthoK) lenses.MethodsMyopic children aged 8–18 years with dry eye syndrome were enrolled in this prospective observational study, and they were grouped according to their OrthoK treatment history for at least 1 year. All participants received DQS 4 times per day for 1 month. The following indicators were measured at baseline 1 month after treatment: the Dry Eye Questionnaire-5 (DEQ-5), non-invasive tear meniscus height (TMH), non-invasive tear film break-up time (first and average, NIBUT-F and NIBUT-A), meibomian gland score (MG score), conjunctival hyperemia redness score (R-scan), and blink pattern analysis.ResultsA total of 104 participants (189 eyes) including 40 OrthoK wearers (72 eyes) and 64 Orthok candidates (117 eyes) completed the study. Of all, after DQS treatment for 1 month, DEQ-5 scores reduced from 5.54 ± 3.25 to 3.85 ± 2.98 (t = −3.36, p = 0.00). TMH increased from 0.20 ± 0.05 mm to 0.21 ± 0.05 mm (t = 2.59, p = 0.01), NIBUT-F and NIBUT-A were prolonged from 6.67 ± 4.71 s to 10.32 ± 6.19 s and from 8.86 ± 5.25 s to 13.30 ± 6.03 s (all p = 0.00), respectively. R-scan decreased from 0.69 ± 0.28 to 0.50 ± 0.25 (t = −9.01, p = 0.00). Upper MG scores decreased from 1.04 ± 0.32 to 0.97 ± 0.36 (t = −2.14, p = 0.03). Lower MG scores, partial blink rate, partial blinks, and total blinks did not change significantly. Both break-up time (BUT) and R-scan improved significantly after DQS treatment for 1 month (all p = 0.00) in OrthoK candidates and OrthoK wearers. Among the OrthoK wearers, TMH and dry eye symptoms increased significantly (all p = 0.00) but did not increase in OrthoK candidates (p > 0.05). There were no adverse events related to DQS.ConclusionDiquafosol Ophthalmic Solution was effective for children wearing overnight orthokeratology in relieving dry eye symptoms and improving ocular surface parameters, which may help improve children's OrthoK wearing tolerance and compliance.

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“…[43] Our team conducted a meta-analysis related to the use of OK lenses before October 19, 2020, and found that they can affect the stability of the tear film but have no significant effect on tear secretion. [44] A number of factors can influence the results of this study, such as the measurement method used to measure the breakup time of the tear film, the preparation for wearing OK lenses, night sleep time, and the duration of measures. Therefore, studies on the effect of orthokeratography on ocular surface homeostasis require stricter control of these variables.…”

Section: Effect Of Ametropia and Its Treatment Measures On Ocular Sur...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of common eye diseases in children and their treatment measures on ocular surface homeostasis: A review

Lv,

Tao,

et al. 2024

Medicine

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Ocular surface homeostasis plays a vital role in maintaining of eye health. Dry eye disease is one of the prominent and typical manifestations of disruption of ocular surface homeostasis that leads to the worsening of ocular surface homeostasis that leads to the worsening of ocular surface disease when it interacts with other pathogenic factors. However, disruption in ocular surface homeostasis in children is often overlooked because of the current methods of assessing ocular surface homeostasis. This review summarizes the main factors affecting ocular surface homeostasis in children, with the aim of drawing the attention of clinicians to the disruption of ocular surface homeostasis in children when dealing with such diseases. Ocular surface homeostasis involves several interrelated components, each of which plays a nonnegligible role in ocular surface homeostasis. Unlike adults, children have a stronger lacrimal gland secretion capacity and milder symptoms when there is a slight disruption of the ocular surface homeostasis. In addition, children’s expressive abilities were weaker. Therefore, dry eye in children is often ignored by doctors and parents, and clinicians should pay more attention to the protection of ocular surface homeostasis when treating children with these diseases. Therefore, there is a need for diagnostic criteria for dry eye disease specific to children.

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Does Orthokeratology Wearing Affect the Tear Quality of Children?

Cited by 5 publications

References 63 publications

Orthokeratology in controlling myopia of children: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Orthokeratology in controlling myopia of children: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Short-term application of diquafosol ophthalmic solution benefits children with dry eye wearing orthokeratology lens

Effects of common eye diseases in children and their treatment measures on ocular surface homeostasis: A review

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