Does ownership heterogeneity matter in technological catch ups? Empirical evidence from Chinese SOEs and POEs

Catch‐up through Collaborative Innovation: Evidence from China

“…The data collection process conducted by the local government could ensure the reliability largely due to restrictive regulations made by Article 3, Chapter I in Statistics Law of the People's Republic of China. According to the law, state or public organizations, enterprises, institutions, and self‐employed industrialists and businessmen that are under statistical investigation shall, in accordance with the provisions of this Law and State regulations, provide truthful statistical data (Wei, Liu, Jiang, & Zhang, ). They could not make false entries or conceal statistical data, and they could not refuse to submit statistical reports or report statistical data belatedly.…”

“…Laursen and Salter () suggest new‐to‐market product performance and new‐to‐firm product performance as the measure of innovation performance. As latecomer firms have lower technological capability, new‐to‐firm products can be seen as the accumulation of their technological base, which is vitally important for the latecomers (Wei et al, ). Therefore, we measure innovation performance by calculating the sum of new‐to‐market and new‐to‐firm product performance.…”

“…Fortunately, our unique database contains specific data of the amount of money paid for collaborations. Therefore, in order to capture the depth and breadth of collaborations, we measure the intensity of academic and industrial collaborations through collaborative intensity with other actors for the purpose of R&D efforts (Wei et al, ). Specifically, academic collaboration intensity is measured by a firm's expenditure paid to universities and independent research institutions for R&D purposes, while industry collaboration intensity is measured by a firm's expenditure paid to other firms for R&D purposes.…”

Towards an asymmetry-based view of Chinese firms’ technological catch-up

“…1 Of these, the telecom giant Huawei, internet giants Baidu, Alibaba, and Tencent, and automobile giant Geely have started to outperform their better-known European and U.S. peers. The rise of Chinese firms raises the question of how Chinese latecomer firms could further minimize the technological and market share gaps between themselves and other leading companies on the global economic stage (Wei et al 2016a).…”

“…917)." For example, Wei et al (2016a) find that the Chinese government could help firms achieve technological catching-up by creating an institution-led market. In addition, Chinese companies have developed unique capabilities in response to institutional uncertainty that help these firms create or discover opportunities .…”