Does oxidative stress shorten telomeres in vivo? A meta-analysis

Abstract

Telomere attrition is considered a hallmark of ageing. Untangling the proximate causes of telomere attrition may therefore reveal important aspects about the ageing process. In a landmark paper in 2002 Thomas von Zglinicki demonstrated that oxidative stress causes telomere attrition in cell culture. In the next 20 years, oxidative stress became firmly embedded into modern theories of ageing and telomere attrition. However, a recent surge of in vivo studies reveals an inconsistent pattern questioning the unequivocal role of oxidative stress in telomere dynamics, in living organisms. Here we report the results of the first formal meta-analysis on the association between oxidative stress and telomere dynamics in vivo, representing 37 studies, 4,834 individuals, and 18,590 correlational measurements. The overall correlation between oxidative stress markers and telomere dynamics was indistinguishable from zero. This result was independent of the type of oxidative stress marker, telomere dynamic, or taxonomic group. However, telomere measurement method affected the analysis with TRF but not qPCR-based studies showing a significant overall correlation. The correlation was more pronounced in short-lived species and during the adult life phase, when ageing becomes apparent. We then performed an additional meta-analysis of interventional studies (n=7) manipulating oxidative stress. This revealed a significant effect of treatment on telomere dynamics. Our findings indicate that oxidative stress may have a profound effect on telomere dynamics in living organisms fundamentally underpinning the process of ageing.

Hibernation telomere dynamics in a shifting climate: insights from wild greater horseshoe bats

“…Telomeres shorten due to incomplete replication during cell division [22]. They are also thought to shorten through single-strand DNA damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) [23], though evidence for this relationship is mixed [24][25][26]. Yet, losses can be repaired by other mechanisms, such as extension at the 5 0 end of the chromosome via the enzyme telomerase [27], although telomerase is typically repressed in somatic tissues [28].…”