Does Para-chloroaniline Really Form after Mixing Sodium Hypochlorite and Chlorhexidine?

Orhan, Ekim Onur; Irmak, Özgür; Hür, Deniz; Yaman, Batu Can; Karabucak, Bekir

doi:10.1016/j.joen.2015.12.024

Cited by 33 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…19 There are conflicting results about the molecular structure of the brown precipitate. [20][21][22] Para-chloroaniline (PCA) or 4-chloroaniline is a degradation product of CHX molecular structure. 20,21 However, Orhan et al 22 showed that free PCA did not form after the interaction between NaOCl and CHX.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[20][21][22] Para-chloroaniline (PCA) or 4-chloroaniline is a degradation product of CHX molecular structure. 20,21 However, Orhan et al 22 showed that free PCA did not form after the interaction between NaOCl and CHX. PCA is a toxic and carcinogenic molecule, but fortunately, CHX is not degraded to free PCA after interacting with NaOCl.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PCA is a toxic and carcinogenic molecule, but fortunately, CHX is not degraded to free PCA after interacting with NaOCl. 20,22 However, the effects of PIPS-assisted LAI on irrigation agents are still unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Analysis of Mixtures of Chlorhexidine with Different Oxidizing Agents Activated by Photon-Induced Photoacoustic Streaming for Root Canal Irrigation

Özkan

Terlemez

Orhan

2020

Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery

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Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the possible interactions between photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPSÔ)-activated oxidizing agents and 2% chlorhexidine digluconate. Background data: There is no information about the safety of laser-activated oxidizing agents in combination usage with chlorhexidine gluconate. Materials and methods: Groups were designed as follows G1: 98% para-chloroaniline (PCA); G2: 2% chlorhexidine (CHX); G3: 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) +2% CHX; G4: 5.25% NaOCl (30 sec PIPS activated) +2% CHX; G5: 5.25% NaOCl (60 sec PIPS activated) +2% CHX; G6: 3.5% chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ) + 2% CHX; G7: 3.5% (ClO 2 ) (30 sec PIPS activated) +2% CHX; G8: 3.5% (ClO 2 ) (60 sec PIPS activated) +2% CHX. The laser-irrigation protocol was performed with an erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser with a wavelength of 2940 nm equipped with a 140 mm long endodontic fiber tip (PIPS) using 10 mJ at 15 Hz (0.15 W), per pulse operating outputs. Groups were analyzed with proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, using PCA as an internal standard. Results: No free PCA was formed in any groups of mixtures or after PIPS activation. Conclusions: Mixing of 3.5% ClO 2 and 2% CHX does not form bulky precipitates, unlike the mixture NaOCl + CHX. PIPS activation does not cause changes in reactions of oxidizing agents.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Analysis of Mixtures of Chlorhexidine with Different Oxidizing Agents Activated by Photon-Induced Photoacoustic Streaming for Root Canal Irrigation

Özkan

Terlemez

Orhan

2020

Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery

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“…can only be compared with an internal standard or spectral databases. In the literature, Orhan et al (), Nocca et al , and Irmak et al () used pure PCA as an internal standard in 1H‐NMR spectroscopy analysis of the same precipitate.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…However, the presence or absence of PCA cannot be interpreted with these two spectra due to the lack of an internal standard. The 1H‐NMR spectra of pure PCA is vital to visualize an amino (‐NH2) signal at 5–5.5 ppm (Thomas & Sem ; Orhan et al ; Irmak et al ). On the contrary, Arslan et al () have not discussed the amino signal of these spectra.…”

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confidence: 99%