“…According to the need-satisfaction framework, internal & external CSR collectively foster a sense of belongingness (relational needs), pride/respect/self-esteem (esteem needs), selfactualization (Nazir et al, 2021), and contribution to the greater good (meaningfulness need). Furthermore, psychological needs fulfillment paves the way for positive emotions like happiness, trust, pride, and meaningfulness (Bibi et al, 2022;Liu et al, 2021;Nazir et al, 2021), leading to higher employee satisfaction and loyalty (Al-bdour et al, 2010;Amos & Weathington, 2008;Dhanesh, 2012;Hofman & Newman, 2014;Hsieh & Chan, 2012;Rahman et al, 2016;Soobramoney & Ledimo, 2016;Turker, 2009).…”