Does Perceived Discrimination Affect Health? Longitudinal Relationships between Work Discrimination and Women's Physical and Emotional Health

Pavalko, Eliza K.; Mossakowski, Krysia N.; Hamilton, Vanessa J.

doi:10.2307/1519813

Cited by 310 publications

(315 citation statements)

References 46 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

275

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition, some individuals might show an opposite effect that neutralizes the positive association. Perceived age discrimination can increase in-group identification especially among older adults (Garstka et al 2004) which is in turn associated with a strengthened selfenhancement and more positive attitudes towards the ingroup (Kaiser et al 2009;Lindeman 1997), but also has been shown to have negative long-term effects (Pavalko et al 2003). These diverging consequences might tend to cancel out each other.…”

Section: Domain Specificity Of the Relation Of Views On Ageing And Pementioning

confidence: 99%

Relations between views on ageing and perceived age discrimination: a domain-specific perspective

Voss

Wolff

Rothermund³

2016

Eur J Ageing

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study investigates the relation between age stereotypes and perceived age discrimination. Existing evidence for such a relation is notoriously ambiguous with regard to its direction-age stereotypes can predict (perceived) discrimination, but experiencing discrimination may also change views on ageing-which is why we used a dataset with two waves to disentangle the direction of the associations. Considering research on the multi-dimensionality of views on ageing and perceived age discrimination, we addressed this question from a domain-and age group-specific perspective. Drawing on data from two measurement points of the German Ageing Survey (DEAS; t 1 : 2008, t 2 : 2011; age range at t 1 : 40-93 years, n = 6092 participants at t 1 ), we examined reciprocal relations between views on ageing and perceived age discrimination. Cross-lagged models revealed that domain-specific views on ageing predict subsequent changes in perceived discrimination in corresponding domains: Negative views on ageing regarding personal competence, physical decline, and social interactions were associated with increases in perceived discrimination in the domains of work, medical care, and social life, respectively. However, we did not find evidence for a reciprocal effect of perceived age discrimination on views on ageing. In sum, results indicate that negative views on ageing act as self-fulfilling prophecies by predisposing people to categorize other people's behaviour as age discrimination or to act themselves in a way that might elicit ageist behaviour in others.

show abstract

Section: Domain Specificity Of the Relation Of Views On Ageing And Pementioning

confidence: 99%

Relations between views on ageing and perceived age discrimination: a domain-specific perspective

Voss

Wolff

Rothermund³

2016

Eur J Ageing

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Conversely, studies have found that Asian American adolescents who attend more ethnically diverse schools are at higher risk of experiencing discrimination relative to their black and Hispanic peers (Conchas and Perez 2003;Rosenbloom and Way 2004). There are serious health consequences of discrimination; discrimination is associated with psychological distress, depressive symptoms, and major depression (Pavalko et al 2003;Williams et al 2003;Schulz et al 2006). Moreover, adolescents who perceive discriminatory treatment by teachers or staff are at greater risk of experiencing declining mental health (Roeser et al 2000) and higher levels of depressive symptoms (Juang and Cookston 2009;Walsemann et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of School Racial Composition on Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms from Adolescence Through Early Adulthood

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We investigate the effect of high school racial composition, measured as percent of non-Hispanic white students, on trajectories of depressive symptoms from adolescence to early adulthood. We also explore whether the effect of school racial composition varies by respondent race/ethnicity and whether adult socioeconomic status mediates this relationship. We analyzed four waves of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health using 3-level linear growth models. We restricted our sample to respondents enrolled in grades 9-12 in 1994/5 who were interviewed at a minimum in Waves I and IV. This resulted in 10,350 respondents enrolled in 80 high schools in 1994/5 (5,561 whites, 2,030 blacks, 1,834 Hispanics, 738 Asians, and 187 of other race). As the percentage of white students increased at the high school respondents attended in 1994/5, blacks reported more depressive symptoms. This effect did not vary by age. In comparison, Asian and Hispanic respondents who attended predominantly white high schools had lower levels of depressive symptoms than their counterparts who attended predominantly minority schools, but they also experienced a slower decline in depressive symptoms through early adulthood. Adult SES mediated the relationship between high school racial composition and depressive symptoms for black, but not for Asian or Hispanic respondents. Our results suggest that high school racial composition is associated with trajectories of depressive symptoms through early adulthood, but the effect differs by respondents' race/ethnicity. Racial/ethnic disparities in depressive symptoms during early adulthood may have their origins in adolescence.

show abstract

“…Moreover, the experience of unfair treatment is derailing and disrupts pursuit of personal goals (Link, Cullen, Frank, & Wozniak, 1987). Examples include being excluded from fair chances at school or on the job (Pavalko, Mossakowski, & Hamilton, 2003) or being the target of negative assumptions or poor service in public facilities (Neckerman, Carter, & Lee, 1999). An essential characteristic of unfair treatment is the combination of negative outcomes and ambiguity that is both attributional (e.g., were the negative outcomes due to unfair treatment or were they due to my ability?)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unfair treatment and self-regulatory focus

Oyserman

Üskül

Yoder

et al. 2007

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Word count = 4996Unfair treatment 2 AbstractAmple correlational evidence exists that perceived unfair treatment is negatively related to well-being, health, and goal striving but the underlying process is unclear.We hypothesized that effects are due in part to contextual priming of prevention focus and the negative consequences of chronic prevention-focused vigilance. Indeed, reasonable responses to unfair treatment -to avoid situations in which it occurs or if this is not possible, confront it head on -fit prevention self-regulatory focus response patterns.Results from three experiments support this notion. Priming stigmatized social category membership heightened students' prevention (not promotion) focus (n = 117). Priming non-stigmatized social category membership (i.e., white) did not change prevention focus (n = 46). Priming prevention (not promotion) increased perceptions of unfair treatment (and aroused prevention-relevant fight or flight responses) in response to a negative ambiguous job situation among low and moderate income adults (n = 112). Keywords: Unfair treatment, self-regulatory focus, prevention, promotion, discrimination, African American, social class Unfair treatment 3 Unfair treatment and self-regulatory focus Your professor asks if your parents ever went to college (they didn't), your new supervisor hands you an unfavorable performance review (you are African American), leading you to wonder, 'is this fair; why is this happening to me?' In the current paper we explore situations like these and ask whether these kinds of contextual cues shift the attention of potentially stigmatized individuals to avoiding problems and the possible behavioral consequences of such shifts. We provide evidence for effects in both academic and workplace contexts.Unfair treatment threatens self-concept by communicating a lack of regard for one's social identity and basic worth (Crocker, Major, & Steele, 1998). It is psychologically damaging because it provides a sense of not mattering, and mattering, the feeling that others care about our fate and experience, is fundamental to wellbeing (Turner, Taylor, & Van Gundy, 2004). Moreover, the experience of unfair treatment is derailing and disrupts pursuit of personal goals (Link, Cullen, Frank, & Wozniak, 1987). Examples include being excluded from fair chances at school or on the job (Pavalko, Mossakowski, & Hamilton, 2003) or being the target of negative assumptions or poor service in public facilities (Neckerman, Carter, & Lee, 1999). An essential characteristic of unfair treatment is the combination of negative outcomes and ambiguity that is both attributional (e.g., were the negative outcomes due to unfair treatment or were they due to my ability?) and behavioral (e.g., what is the appropriate response even if the treatment is unfair --should I ignore it, avoid this situation in the future, or confront the situation head on now?). Unfair treatment 4Perceived unfair treatment is associated with poor physical and psychological health and unfair treatment is mor...

show abstract

Does Perceived Discrimination Affect Health? Longitudinal Relationships between Work Discrimination and Women's Physical and Emotional Health

Cited by 310 publications

References 46 publications

Relations between views on ageing and perceived age discrimination: a domain-specific perspective

Relations between views on ageing and perceived age discrimination: a domain-specific perspective

Effect of School Racial Composition on Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms from Adolescence Through Early Adulthood

Unfair treatment and self-regulatory focus

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About