Does Perceived Lack of Control Lead to Conspiracy Theory Beliefs? Findings from an online MTurk sample

Abstract

It is widely believed that conspiracy theory beliefs are the product of perceived lack of control. However, to date there is mixed evidence, at best, to support this claim. We consider the reasons why conspiracy theory beliefs do not appear to be based in any straightforward way on control beliefs, interrogating existing findings and presenting new data that call the relationship into question. Across six studies conducted online using MTurk samples, we observed no effect of control manipulations on conspiracy theory beliefs, while replicating previously reported correlational evidence of their association. The results suggest that conspiracy beliefs are not suitable for compensating for threats to control. We discuss possible reasons for the discrepancy between experimental and correlational effects and examine the limitations of the studies.

Searching for General Model of Conspiracy Theories and Its Implication for Public Health Policy: Analysis of the Impacts of Political, Psychological, Structural Factors on Conspiracy Beliefs about the COVID-19 Pandemic

“…Believing conspiracy theories is a way to create a sense of control. Beliefs in conspiracy theories are widely considered to be a product of a perceived lack of control [ 55 ]. Miller et al [ 3 ] argue that those with strong beliefs in conspiracy theories are able to see how endorsing the conspiracy can serve their own stakes.…”

“…However, based on six studies conducted online using MTurk samples, Stojanov et al [ 55 ] show that changes in levels of control have no effect on conspiracy theory beliefs. Thus, conspiracy beliefs are not suitable compensation for threats to control.…”

“…Earnshaw et al [2] argue that the COVID-19 pandemic provides a powerful context for people to utilize conspiracy theories in an attempt to restore feelings of safety and control. However, based on six studies conducted online using MTurk samples, Stojanov et al [55] show that changes in levels of control have no effect on conspiracy theory beliefs. Thus, conspiracy beliefs are not suitable compensation for threats to control.…”

Examining a domain-specific link between perceived control and conspiracy beliefs: a brief report in the context of COVID-19

“…Stojanov et al ( 2020 ) argued, however, that conspiracy beliefs could be a suitable compensatory control mechanism, but only when other systems are unavailable or frustrated. In one study (Study 6), for example, the authors randomly assigned American participants to either a control threat or control affirmation group, with half of each group being further assigned to read either a (true) historical example of government competence or incompetence (the passages related to American responses to Hurricanes Irma and Katrina, respectively).…”

Just world beliefs, personal success and beliefs in conspiracy theories

“…Those working in the area of Conspiracy Theories (CTs) and Just World Beliefs (JWBs) both argue for the functionality of both belief systems for individuals. They help to make sense of personal and global events and thus give a sense of control and predictability (Stojanov, Bering, & Halberstadt, 2020 ; Walter & Drochon, 2020 ). This study examined the relationship between these two belief systems.…”