Does Population Diversity Matter for Economic Development in the Very Long Term? Historic Migration, Diversity and County Wealth in the US

Rodríguez‐Pose, Andrés; Berlepsch, Viola von

doi:10.1007/s10680-018-9507-z

Cited by 39 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 97 publications

(138 reference statements)

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“…On the one hand, a wide body of literature suggests a strong positive economic benefit from having migrant-rich populations (e.g. Nathan and Lee, 2013; Rodríguez-Pose and von Berlepsch, 2019; von Berlepsch et al., 2018). On the other hand, migrants tend to have lower incomes than natives.…”

Section: Model and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entrepreneurship and the fight against poverty in US cities

Lee

Rodríguez‐Pose

2020

Environ Plan A

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Entrepreneurship is often seen as the cure-all solution for poverty reduction. Proponents argue that it leads to job creation, higher incomes and lower poverty rates in the cities in which it occurs. Others argue that many entrepreneurs are actually creating low-productivity firms serving local markets. Yet, despite this debate, little research has considered the impact of entrepreneurship on poverty in cities. This paper addresses this gap using a panel of US cities for the period between 2005 and 2015. We hypothesize that the impact of entrepreneurship will depend on whether it is in tradeable sectors, so likely to have positive local multiplier effects, or non-tradeable sectors, which may saturate local markets. We find that entrepreneurship in tradeables reduces poverty and increases incomes for non-entrepreneurs, a result we confirm using an instrumental variable approach, taking the inheritance of entrepreneurial traits as the instruments. In contrast, while there are some economic benefits from non-tradeable entrepreneurship, we find these are not large enough to reduce poverty.

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Section: Model and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entrepreneurship and the fight against poverty in US cities

Lee

Rodríguez‐Pose

2020

Environ Plan A

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“…Having a multicultural dimension in a city has positive bearings on the economic front, as locals would also enjoy a wide variety of products such as cultural products and cultural heritage. This would also render an attractive urban landscape for visitors, thus promoting tourism and other related businesses which are essential in creating new business and promoting economic vibrancy, leading to the creation of increased employment opportunities [101].…”

Section: Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Introducing the “15-Minute City”: Sustainability, Resilience and Place Identity in Future Post-Pandemic Cities

et al. 2021

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The socio-economic impacts on cities during the COVID-19 pandemic have been brutal, leading to increasing inequalities and record numbers of unemployment around the world. While cities endure lockdowns in order to ensure decent levels of health, the challenges linked to the unfolding of the pandemic have led to the need for a radical re-think of the city, leading to the re-emergence of a concept, initially proposed in 2016 by Carlos Moreno: the “15-Minute City”. The concept, offering a novel perspective of “chrono-urbanism”, adds to existing thematic of Smart Cities and the rhetoric of building more humane urban fabrics, outlined by Christopher Alexander, and that of building safer, more resilient, sustainable and inclusive cities, as depicted in the Sustainable Development Goal 11 of the United Nations. With the concept gaining ground in popular media and its subsequent adoption at policy level in a number of cities of varying scale and geographies, the present paper sets forth to introduce the concept, its origins, intent and future directions.

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“…At first glance, this would seem to be inconsistent with a very prevalent theme in urban studies literature, namely the advantages of diversity—cultural, ethnic, organizational, institutional, and economic—for individual-level productivity. Recent work shows for the United States in the 19th and early 20th century, that county-level population diversity brought about by in-county migration had long-lasting effects on county-level economic development (Rodríguz-Pose and von Berlepsch, 2018). A promising area for further work is to bring more nuanced considerations of diversity—such as fractionalization (a measure of the number of different groups within a population) and polarization (the relative size of groups within a population)—to the examination of neighborhood effects.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Let’s stick together: Labor market effects from immigrant neighborhood clustering

Lobo

Mellander

2020

Environ Plan A

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We investigate if there are positive economic effects for individuals residing in ethnic neighborhoods, in particular if the likelihood of labor market participation among foreign-born is affected by residentially aggregating with other people from one’s same native region. We also examine to what extent the income level among foreign-born who have a job is affected by the extent to which they congregate in ethnic enclaves. We use Swedish micro-level data for the time period 2007 to 2015 and run a Heckman estimation for four distinct immigration groups: those from (a) the Middle East; poor and middle-income countries in (b) Africa and (c) Asia; and (d) and those from the former Yugoslavia. We control for personal and neighborhood characteristics as well as workplace characteristics. The results suggest that, in some cases, there may be positive effects from ethnic concentration, but even more from living with first- and second-generation immigrants in general.

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Does Population Diversity Matter for Economic Development in the Very Long Term? Historic Migration, Diversity and County Wealth in the US

Cited by 39 publications

References 97 publications

Entrepreneurship and the fight against poverty in US cities

Entrepreneurship and the fight against poverty in US cities

Introducing the “15-Minute City”: Sustainability, Resilience and Place Identity in Future Post-Pandemic Cities

Let’s stick together: Labor market effects from immigrant neighborhood clustering

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