Does population screening for Chlamydia trachomatisraise anxiety among those tested? Findings from a population based chlamydia screening study

Campbell, Rona; Mills, Nicola; Sanford, Emma; Graham, Anna R.; Low, Nicola; Peters, Tim J.

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-6-106

Cited by 30 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…While there is much knowledge about CT risk factors and complications, whether the diagnosis has any impact on patients’ psychological and sexual health is less studied. CT screening in itself was associated with reduced anxiety in a previous study,13 while in another study youths perceived public stigma and anticipated shame and stigma in relation to CT testing 14. This was reported no less by men than women, which contrasts another quantitative study where women in particular described stigma in relation to CT diagnosis 15.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Gender differences in the well-being of patients diagnosed with Chlamydia trachomatis: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2018

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Women and men reacted differently when diagnosed with CT. Women worried more about complications and more often blamed themselves for being infected. Being aware of these gender differences may be important when planning preventive measures and during counselling of CT-infected patients. Persons working with patients with CT must also be aware of the high frequency of harmful alcohol consumption among their patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Gender differences in the well-being of patients diagnosed with Chlamydia trachomatis: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2018

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“…The evidence for patient experience of waiting for GUM test results in the UK setting is not well characterised. One study of chlamydia screening, the Class study, reported a reduction in anxiety on receipt of a negative test for women and on submitting a sample for testing for men 24. In our model, if waiting for 10 days is associated with anxiety (0.95 utility) then there could be a much greater QALY gain from early diagnosis of 2536 QALYs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

An early evaluation of clinical and economic costs and benefits of implementing point of care NAAT tests forChlamydia trachomatisandNeisseria gonorrhoeain genitourinary medicine clinics in England

et al. 2013

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ObjectivesTo estimate the costs and benefits of clinical pathways incorporating a point of care (POC) nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) for chlamydia and gonorrhoea in genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics compared with standard off-site laboratory testing.MethodWe simulated 1.2 million GUM clinic attendees in England. A simulation in Microsoft Excel was developed to compare existing standard pathways of management for chlamydia and gonorrhoea with a POC NAAT. We conducted scenario analyses to evaluate the robustness of the model findings. The primary outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. Secondary outcomes included the number of inappropriate treatments, complications and transmissions averted.ResultsThe baseline cost of using the point of POC NAAT was £103.9 million compared with £115.6 million for standard care. The POC NAAT was also associated with a small increase of 46 quality adjusted life years, making the new test both more effective and cheaper. Over 95 000 inappropriate treatments might be avoided by using a POC NAAT. Patients receive diagnosis and treatment on the same day as testing, which may also prevent 189 cases of pelvic inflammatory disease and 17 561 onward transmissions annually.DiscussionReplacing standard laboratory tests for chlamydia and gonorrhoea with a POC test could be cost saving and patients would benefit from more accurate diagnosis and less unnecessary treatment. Overtreatment currently accounts for about a tenth of the reported treatments for chlamydia and gonorrhoea and POC NAATs would effectively eliminate the need for presumptive treatment.

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“…Further negative factors included guilt, embarrassment linked to treatment delays and poor outcome [15,27]. Screening in the GP surgeries (as opposed to sexual health settings) and providing the specimen immediately in the surgery was seen by our participants as a way to minimise any embarrassment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

"...they should be offering it": a qualitative study to investigate young peoples' attitudes towards chlamydia screening in GP surgeries

et al. 2010

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BackgroundDespite the known health and healthcare costs of untreated chlamydia infection and the efforts of the National Chlamydia Screening Programme (NCSP) to control chlamydia through early detection and treatment of asymptomatic infection, the rates of screening are well below the 2010-2011 target rate of 35%. General Practitioner (GP) surgeries are a key venue within the NCSP however; previous studies indicate that GP surgery staff are concerned that they may offend their patients by offering a screen. This study aimed to identify the attitudes to, and preferences for, chlamydia screening in 15-24 year old men and women attending GP surgeries (the target group).MethodsWe undertook 36 interviews in six surgeries of differing screening rates. Our participants were 15-24 year olds attending a consultation with a staff member. Data were analysed thematically.ResultsGP surgeries are acceptable to young people as a venue for opportunistic chlamydia screening and furthermore they think it is the duty of GP surgery staff to offer it. They felt strongly that it is important for surgery staff to have a non-judgemental attitude and they did not want to be singled out as 'needing' a chlamydia screen. Furthermore, our sample reported a strong preference for being offered a screen by staff and providing the sample immediately at the surgery rather than taking home a testing kit. The positive attitude and subjective norms demonstrated by interviewees suggest that young peoples' behaviour would be to accept a screen if it was offered to them.ConclusionYoung people attending GP surgeries have a positive attitude towards chlamydia screening and given the right environment are likely to take up the offer in this setting. The right environment involves normalising screening by offering a chlamydia screen to all 15-24 year olds at every interaction with staff, offering screening with a non-judgemental attitude and minimising barriers to screening such as embarrassment. The GP surgery is the ideal place to screen young people for chlamydia as it is not a threatening place for them and our study has shown that they think it is the normal place to go to discuss health matters.

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Does population screening for Chlamydia trachomatisraise anxiety among those tested? Findings from a population based chlamydia screening study

Cited by 30 publications

References 24 publications

Gender differences in the well-being of patients diagnosed with Chlamydia trachomatis: a cross-sectional study

Gender differences in the well-being of patients diagnosed with Chlamydia trachomatis: a cross-sectional study

An early evaluation of clinical and economic costs and benefits of implementing point of care NAAT tests forChlamydia trachomatisandNeisseria gonorrhoeain genitourinary medicine clinics in England

"...they should be offering it": a qualitative study to investigate young peoples' attitudes towards chlamydia screening in GP surgeries

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