Does Positive Family History of Prostate Cancer Increase the Risk of Prostate Cancer on Initial Prostate Biopsy?

Elshafei, Ahmed; Moussa, Ayman S.; Hatem, Asmaa; Vargo, Ethan; Panumatrassamee, Kamol; Hernandez, Adrián V.; Jones, J. Stephen

doi:10.1016/j.urology.2012.10.074

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…We provide evidence in this study for potential drivers of prostate cancer risk within the SAPCS. While a family history of prostate cancer has been associated with increased risk for a positive diagnosis for prostate cancer within the USA [36], a familial link has previously been attributed to increased screening in men with a family history of the disease, which may contribute to this observed association. Alternatively, results from the REDUCE study, which boasts minimal screening bias, reported a geographically-dependent association between prostate cancer and a family history of the disease, yet a significant association, regardless of geographic location, was observed between prostate cancer and a family history of prostate and/or breast cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing the contribution of previously described genetic and epidemiological risk factors associated with increased prostate cancer risk and aggressive disease within men from South Africa

et al. 2013

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BackgroundAlthough African ancestry represents a significant risk factor for prostate cancer, few studies have investigated the significance of prostate cancer and relevance of previously defined genetic and epidemiological prostate cancer risk factors within Africa. We recently established the Southern African Prostate Cancer Study (SAPCS), a resource for epidemiological and genetic analysis of prostate cancer risk and outcomes in Black men from South Africa. Biased towards highly aggressive prostate cancer disease, this is the first reported data analysis.MethodsThe SAPCS is an ongoing population-based study of Black men with or without prostate cancer. Pilot analysis was performed for the first 837 participants, 522 cases and 315 controls. We investigate 46 pre-defined prostate cancer risk alleles and up to 24 epidemiological measures including demographic, lifestyle and environmental factors, for power to predict disease status and to drive on-going SAPCS recruitment, sampling procedures and research direction.ResultsPreliminary results suggest that no previously defined risk alleles significantly predict prostate cancer occurrence within the SAPCS. Furthermore, genetic risk profiles did not enhance the predictive power of prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing. Our study supports several lifestyle/environmental factors contributing to prostate cancer risk including a family history of cancer, diabetes, current sexual activity and erectile dysfunction, balding pattern, frequent aspirin usage and high PSA levels.ConclusionsDespite a clear increased prostate cancer risk associated with an African ancestry, experimental data is lacking within Africa. This pilot study is therefore a significant contribution to the field. While genetic risk factors (largely European-defined) show no evidence for disease prediction in the SAPCS, several epidemiological factors were associated with prostate cancer status. We call for improved study power by building on the SAPCS resource, further validation of associated factors in independent African-based resources, and genome-wide approaches to define African-specific risk alleles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing the contribution of previously described genetic and epidemiological risk factors associated with increased prostate cancer risk and aggressive disease within men from South Africa

et al. 2013

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“…Molecular associations with prostate cancer phenotypes continue to be fragmentary and, in some cases, have been poorly substantiated by follow-up investigations [5, 10]. Apart from age and ethnic origin, a positive family history is now considered the strongest known risk factor [45, 46]. High-risk families, in which multiple men are affected likely, reflect the contributions of several genes some that are rare and highly penetrant, while others are more common and weakly penetrant [47].…”

Section: Prostate Cancer: a Complex Dynamical Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Mast Cells as a Potential Prognostic Marker in Prostate Cancer

et al. 2013

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Despite years of intensive investigation that has been made in understanding prostate cancer, it remains one of the major men's health issues and the leading cause of death worldwide. It is now ascertained that prostate cancer emerges from multiple spontaneous and/or inherited alterations that induce changes in expression patterns of genes and proteins that function in complex networks controlling critical cellular events. It is now accepted that several innate and adaptive immune cells, including T- and B-lymphocytes, macrophages, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, and mast cells (MCs), infiltrate the prostate cancer. All of these cells are irregularly scattered within the tumor and loaded with an assorted array of cytokines, chemokines, and inflammatory and cytotoxic mediators. This complex framework reflects the diversity in tumor biology and tumor-host interactions. MCs are well-established effector cells in Immunoglobulin-E (Ig-E) associated immune responses and potent effector cells of the innate immune system; however, their clinical significance in prostate cancer is still debated. Here, these controversies are summarized, focusing on the implications of these findings in understanding the roles of MCs in primary prostate cancer.

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“…In spite of the documented increased risk of PC among those with a positive family history,89 90 very few studies adjusted for this important confounder. We obtained a high and significant pooled OR from pooling the results of three studies43 47 54 that estimated PC risk among the highest pesticide exposed groups that have a positive family history.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational exposure to pesticides and prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2015

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Epidemiological studies on exposure to pesticides and risk of prostate cancer (PC) provide inconsistent results. We aimed to explore various potential sources of heterogeneity not previously assessed and to derive updated risk estimates from homogenous studies. We searched PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases for case-control and cohort studies published from 1985 to April 2014. We assessed the quality of the articles using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Pooled estimates were calculated using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was explored using subset analyses and metaregression. Fifty-two studies were included in the review and 25 in the meta-analysis. No association was found between low exposure to pesticides and PC, but association was significant for high exposure, pooled OR 1.33 (1.02 to 1.63), I(2)=44.8%, p=0.024. Heterogeneity was explained by a number of variables including method used to assess exposure. Pooled OR was weak and non-significant for studies measuring serum pesticide level, 1.12 (0.74 to 1.50), I(2)=0.00%, p=0.966. For studies applying self-reporting of exposure, pooled estimate was 1.34 (0.91 to 1.77), I(2)=0.00%, p=0.493, while a high significant association was detected for grouped exposure assessment, 2.24 (1.36 to 3.11), I(2)=0.00%, p=0.955. In spite of a weak significant association detected when pooling ORs for high occupational exposure to pesticides, the magnitude of the association was related to the method of exposure assessment used by the original studies. A family history-pesticide exposure interaction was also observed for a number of pesticides.

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Does Positive Family History of Prostate Cancer Increase the Risk of Prostate Cancer on Initial Prostate Biopsy?

Cited by 12 publications

References 16 publications

Addressing the contribution of previously described genetic and epidemiological risk factors associated with increased prostate cancer risk and aggressive disease within men from South Africa

Addressing the contribution of previously described genetic and epidemiological risk factors associated with increased prostate cancer risk and aggressive disease within men from South Africa

Mast Cells as a Potential Prognostic Marker in Prostate Cancer

Occupational exposure to pesticides and prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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