Does providing nutrition information at vending machines reduce calories per item sold?

Dingman, Deirdre A.; Schulz, Mark R.; Wyrick, David L.; Bibeau, Daniel L.; Gupta, Sat

doi:10.1057/jphp.2014.38

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The countries of origin of the studies included United States ( n = 10) , New Zealand ( n = 1) and the Netherlands ( n = 1) . Outcome measures included sales data expressed as a proportion of healthier items sold and/or absolute sales number of items ( n = 11) , profits or sales volumes ( n = 7) , nutrient composition of the snacks sold ( n = 2) , acceptability of the intervention to the participants ( n = 1) and dietary changes ( n = 1) . Limitations common to all interventions included a lack of measured changes to diet or weight and inability to determine if measured changes were due to existing clients changing the choices they would normally make or if changes were due to new customers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…it was suggested by Dingman et al . that the effects of a longer intervention may have increased purchases of healthier products when it is promoted .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another common limitation was the short duration, and while long enough to detect change, there may be seasonal variations that were not captured (26), e.g. it was suggested by Dingman et al that the effects of a longer intervention may have increased purchases of healthier products when it is promoted (35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Five articles were deemed to have a low risk of bias (26)(27)(28)(29)(30), while the remaining seven articles had a moderate risk of bias (31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37). For the results of the assessment of the risk of bias, see Table 3.…”

Section: Risk Of Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the studies explored two or three different strategies as described in existing clients changing the choices they would normally make or if changes were due to new customers. Other limitations include interventions of short duration that may not be long enough to capture seasonal variation or to encourage behaviour change (n = 4) (26,31,35,36), limited availability of healthy products in the existing product range or to introduce into the machine (n = 2) (26,32), study design with a higher risk of bias (n = 6) (29,(31)(32)(33)(34)37) or the small sample size (n = 4) (26,29,31,36).…”

Section: Risk Of Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic literature review of nutrition interventions in vending machines that encourage consumers to make healthier choices

2015

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(i) populations that have access to vending machines; (ii) nutrition interventions; (iii) measured outcomes of behaviour change (e.g. sales data, dietary intake or weight change); and (iv) experimental trials where controls were not exposed to the intervention. Risk of bias was assessed independently by two researchers, and higher quality research formed the basis of this qualitative review. Twelve articles from 136 searched were included for synthesis. Intervention settings included schools, universities and workplaces. Reducing price or increasing the availability increased sales of healthier choices. The results of point-of-purchase nutrition information interventions were heterogeneous and when measured changes to purchases were small. This review offers evidence that pricing and availability strategies are effective at improving the nutritional quality foods and beverages purchased from vending machines. Evidence on how these interventions alter consumer's overall diet or body mass index is needed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…it was suggested by Dingman et al . that the effects of a longer intervention may have increased purchases of healthier products when it is promoted .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Risk Of Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Risk Of Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic literature review of nutrition interventions in vending machines that encourage consumers to make healthier choices

2015

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Comparison of Sales From Vending Machines With 4 Different Food and Beverage Messages

Gibson,

Stephens-Shields,

Hua

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportancePoint-of-sale food messaging can encourage healthier purchases, but no studies have directly compared multiple interventions in the field.ObjectiveTo examine which of 4 food and beverage messages would increase healthier vending machine purchases.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis randomized trial assessed 13 months (February 1, 2019, to February 29, 2020) of vending sales data from 267 machines and 1065 customer purchase assessments from vending machines on government property in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Data analysis was performed from March 5, 2020, to November 8, 2022.InterventionsStudy interventions were 4 food and beverage messaging systems: (1) beverage tax posters encouraging healthy choices because of the Philadelphia tax on sweetened drinks; (2) green labels for healthy products; (3) traffic light labels: green (healthy), yellow (moderately healthy), or red (unhealthy); or (4) physical activity equivalent labels (minutes of activity to metabolize product calories).Main Outcomes and MeasuresSales data were analyzed separately for beverages and snacks. The main outcomes analyzed at the transaction level were calories sold and the health status (using traffic light criteria) of each item sold. Additional outcomes were analyzed at the monthly machine level: total units sold, calories sold, and units of each health status sold. The customer purchase assessment outcome was calories purchased per vending trip.ResultsMonthly sales data came from 150 beverage and 117 snack vending machines, whereas 1065 customers (558 [52%] male) contributed purchase assessment data. Traffic light labels led to a 30% decrease in the mean monthly number of unhealthy beverages sold (mean ratio [MR], 0.70; 95% CI, 0.55-0.88) compared with beverage tax posters. Physical activity labels led to a 34% (MR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.51-0.87) reduction in the number of unhealthy beverages sold at the machine level and 35% (MR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.50-0.86) reduction in mean calories sold. Traffic light labels also led to a 30-calorie reduction (b = −30.46; 95% CI, −49.36 to −11.56) per customer trip in the customer purchase analyses compared to physical activity labels. There were very few significant differences for snack machines.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this 13-month randomized trial of 267 vending machines, the traffic light and physical activity labels encouraged healthier beverage purchases, but no change in snack sales, compared with a beverage tax poster. Corporations and governments should consider such labeling approaches to promote healthier beverage choices.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06260176

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Nutritional labelling for healthier food or non-alcoholic drink purchasing and consumption

Crockett

King

Marteau

et al. 2018

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

171

195

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Background Nutritional labelling is advocated as a means to promote healthier food purchasing and consumption, including lower energy intake. Internationally, many different nutritional labelling schemes have been introduced. There is no consensus on whether such labelling is effective in promoting healthier behaviour. Objectives To assess the impact of nutritional labelling for food and non‐alcoholic drinks on purchasing and consumption of healthier items. Our secondary objective was to explore possible effect moderators of nutritional labelling on purchasing and consumption. Search methods We searched 13 electronic databases including CENTRAL, MEDLINE and Embase to 26 April 2017. We also handsearched references and citations and sought unpublished studies through websites and trials registries. Selection criteria Eligible studies: were randomised or quasi‐randomised controlled trials (RCTs/Q‐RCTs), controlled before‐and‐after studies, or interrupted time series (ITS) studies; compared a labelled product (with information on nutrients or energy) with the same product without a nutritional label; assessed objectively measured purchasing or consumption of foods or non‐alcoholic drinks in real‐world or laboratory settings. Data collection and analysis Two authors independently selected studies for inclusion and extracted study data. We applied the Cochrane 'Risk of bias' tool and GRADE to assess the quality of evidence. We pooled studies that evaluated similar interventions and outcomes using a random‐effects meta‐analysis, and we synthesised data from other studies in a narrative summary. Main results We included 28 studies, comprising 17 RCTs, 5 Q‐RCTs and 6 ITS studies. Most (21/28) took place in the USA, and 19 took place in university settings, 14 of which mainly involved university students or staff. Most (20/28) studies assessed the impact of labelling on menus or menu boards, or nutritional labelling placed on, or adjacent to, a range of foods or drinks from which participants could choose. Eight studies provided participants with only one labelled food or drink option (in which labelling was present on a container or packaging, adjacent to the food or on a display board) and measured the amount consumed. The most frequently assessed labelling type was energy (i.e. calorie) information (12/28). Eleven studies assessed the impact of nutritional labelling on purchasing food or drink options in real‐world settings, including purchases from vending machines (one cluster‐RCT), grocery stores (one ITS), or restaurants, cafeterias or coffee shops (three RCTs, one Q‐RCT and five ITS). Findings on vending machines and grocery stores were not interpretable, and were rated as very low quality. A meta‐analysis of the three RCTs, all of which assessed energy labelling on menus in restaurants, demonstrated a statistically signific...

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Does providing nutrition information at vending machines reduce calories per item sold?

Cited by 30 publications

References 20 publications

A systematic literature review of nutrition interventions in vending machines that encourage consumers to make healthier choices

A systematic literature review of nutrition interventions in vending machines that encourage consumers to make healthier choices

Comparison of Sales From Vending Machines With 4 Different Food and Beverage Messages

Nutritional labelling for healthier food or non-alcoholic drink purchasing and consumption

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