Does public attitude change by labeling a person as epileptic, person with epilepsy or the acronym PWE? A systematic review

Carrizosa-Moog, Jaime; Salazar-Velásquez, Laura Vanessa; Portillo-Benjumea, Mateo; Rodriguez-Mejia, Alejandro; Isaza-Jaramillo, Sandra Patricia

doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2019.05.011

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The review of related literature to identify, analyze and construct the questions included in our survey was published in another article [16]. The designed questionnaires collected information on age, gender, practicing religion, socioeconomic status of residence, knowing someone with epilepsy and 14 questions about attitudes towards people with epilepsy.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The abbreviation “PWE” may carry a negative connotation compared with the labels “person with epilepsy” and “epileptic”

Isaza-Jaramillo

Salazar-Velásquez

Portillo-Benjumea

et al. 2020

Seizure

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Ways of labeling a person with epilepsy (PWE) may have an impact on public position towards affected persons. This study analyzed college students position changes, influenced by three different labels of PWE. Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. Students of three schools answered one of three questionnaires whose content changed in the labeling form: person with epilepsy, epileptic or PWE. Proportions were compared with Chi square test or Fisher's exact test to explore considering age, gender, religion practicing, socioeconomic status, knowing an affected person and by faculty. Results: A total of 273 questionnaires were included were distributed in medicine 133 (48.7 %), engineering 108 (39.6 %) and law 32 (11.7 %) schools. Labeling type distribution was person with epilepsy 94 (34.4 %), epileptic 93 (34.1 %) and PWE 86 (31.5 %. No statistical differences were found according the labels person with epilepsy and epileptic. The abbreviation PWE had statistical significant connotation in aspects of academic achievement p = 0,007, selecting a PWE in your work team p = 0,009, self control p < 0,000, being dangerous p < 0,000 and having any disturbance in thought or behavior p = 0,05. Religion practicing, socioeconomic status and knowing a person with epilepsy did not impact in attitude related to labeling. Engineering and law students expressed their concern in employability. Conclusion:The abbreviation PWE may have negative connotations when used in written questionnaires. No differences were found with the labels person with epilepsy and epileptic in college students. More studies are needed to explore the stigmatizing or destigmatizing effects of labeling a person with epilepsy on different populations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also possible that by negative wording or by establishing comparison in the questions the answers could be inducted in the studies of Brazil and Croatia [25,26]. The authors of this study put special attention in avoiding induction by placing neutral personal directed questions [16].…”

Section: Labeling Typementioning

confidence: 97%

The abbreviation “PWE” may carry a negative connotation compared with the labels “person with epilepsy” and “epileptic”

Isaza-Jaramillo

Salazar-Velásquez

Portillo-Benjumea

et al. 2020

Seizure

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In two experiments, female silhouettes were judged to be more alike and similar in weight when they were sorted into categories of eating-disorder labels (Foroni & Rothbart, 2011, which is evidence that the diagnostic labels fostered a stereotypical perception of the silhouettes. Carrizosa-Moog et al (2019) and Cutler and Ryckman (2019) reported experimental evidence for negative label effects caused by different clinical labels, such as delusional disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, alcohol use disorder, and epilepsy. In addition, both studies showed that speaking about mentally ill people in a manner that identifies patients with their disorder (e.g., "He is an epileptic" or "She is delusional") can lead to even more negative label effects.…”

Section: Negative Effects Of Mental-disorder Labelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Diagnostic Labels on the Evaluation of Students: a Multilevel Meta-Analysis

et al. 2023

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Research suggests that children suffering from different types of disorders (learning disorders, behavioral disorders, or intellectual disabilities) are sometimes evaluated differently simply due to the presence of a diagnostic label. We conducted a multilevel meta-analysis of experimental studies (based on data from 8,295 participants and on 284 effects nested in 60 experiments) to examine the magnitude and robustness of such label effects and to explore the impact of potential moderators (type of evaluation, diagnostic category, expertise, student’s gender, and amount and type of information). We found a moderately negative overall label effect (Hedges’ g = −0.42), which was robust across several types of evaluation, different samples, and different diagnostic categories. There was no indication that expertise and the gender of the child moderated the effect. Presenting participants with only a label yielded the strongest negative effect of g = −1.26, suggesting that the effect was dependent on the amount of information being presented to participants. We conclude that labeling a child can exacerbate negative academic evaluations, behavioral evaluations, evaluations of personality, and overall assessments of the child. Further implications for theory and future research are discussed.

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“…Cuttler and Ryckman (2019) manipulated the presence of the labels delusional disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and alcohol use disorder and found a negative impact on ratings of perceived aggressiveness, attention-seeking, incompetence, confusion, disorganization, embarrassment, unreliability, unhappiness, and volatility. Finally, there is evidence that labels which identify the person with the disorder (e.g., "He is an epileptic") cause even worse judgements about the person than labels implying that a person has a certain disorder (e.g., "He has epilepsy"; Carrizosa-Moog et al, 2019;Cuttler & Ryckman, 2019).…”

Section: Mental Health Stigmamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reasoning outlined above gives rise to concerns about stigmatization of students with learning and behavioral disorders. People in general tend to associate diagnostic labels with stereotypical attitudes (e.g., Carrizosa-Moog et al, 2019;Cuttler & Ryckman, 2019) and teachers might be no exception to the rule. Take the example of ADHD.…”

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confidence: 99%

Here I sit, making men in my own image: how learning disorder labels affect teacher student’s expectancies

et al. 2021

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Teacher’s evaluation of students is sometimes negatively affected by diagnostic labels. We explored such negative effects caused by the labels “dyscalculia”, “dyslexia”, and “ADHD” in teacher students. In Experiment 1, we varied the presence of the dyscalculia and dyslexia label in vignettes between participants. The dyslexia but not the dyscalculia label had a negative effect on participant’s academic expectations. In our preregistered Experiment 2, the presence of the ADHD label in vignettes was manipulated within participants. To understand the cognitive mechanisms driving label effects, we explored participants’ attributions regarding the students’ problems. Furthermore, a short dissonance-based intervention for counteracting negative label effects was implemented. Unexpectedly, we found both negative and positive label effects. The label led to more positive performance expectations and to more negative ratings of problem stability and problem control. The dissonance-based intervention led to more positive evaluations regardless of whether the ADHD label was mentioned or not. Overall, our findings suggest that learning-disorder labels affect teachers’ expectations in different ways.

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Does public attitude change by labeling a person as epileptic, person with epilepsy or the acronym PWE? A systematic review

Cited by 8 publications

References 32 publications

The abbreviation “PWE” may carry a negative connotation compared with the labels “person with epilepsy” and “epileptic”

The abbreviation “PWE” may carry a negative connotation compared with the labels “person with epilepsy” and “epileptic”

The Influence of Diagnostic Labels on the Evaluation of Students: a Multilevel Meta-Analysis

Here I sit, making men in my own image: how learning disorder labels affect teacher student’s expectancies

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