“…For the institutionalization of the public participation process, however, Bartels (2013) argued that "public encounters, face-to-face contact between public professionals and citizens, was first identified as a key issue in public administration 80 years ago, but never developed into a subject area of its own" (p. 469) due to bureaucratic type of organization. e-Petitions can overcome the hierarchical and bureaucratic structure of public administration with the help of new governance relationships (Farazmand, 2012) and improve the public's trust in government (Welch, Hinnant, & Moon, 2005;Torres, Pina & Acerete, 2006;Kim, Park, & Rho, 2017;Mahmood, Weerakkody, & Chen, 2019). e-Petitioning practices might have many effects on governance in public administration and, for example, stimulate public participation.…”