Does rapport‐building boost the eyewitness eyeclosure effect in closed questioning?

Nash, Robert A.; Nash, Alena; Morris, Aimee; Smith, Siobhan L.

doi:10.1111/lcrp.12073

Cited by 29 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Indeed, the adult study reporting the largest effect sizes 2 (Collins et al, 2002) used an abrupt interviewer attitude condition in which the interviewer would display a harsh tone and lack of interest. In contrast, studies with adult participants with less extreme control groups reported small to moderate effects of rapport (Nash et al, 2016;Vallano & Schreiber Compo, 2011) that were qualified by interactions with other factors, such as timing of rapport (Kieckhaefer et al, 2014). Furthermore, research with children generally included milder differences across rapport building conditions (e.g., direct vs. indirect probes; open-ended vs. directive questions; with vs. without recall practice) and no study to date used harsh behavior towards child interviewees.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lack of an association between the ratings and the different memory performance measures points into this direction. Indeed, other studies used much more elaborate tools for assessing the interviewer-interviewee interaction and the presence of rapport-related characteristics (e.g., Kieckhaefer et al, 2014;Vallano & Schreiber Compo, 2011), more direct questions regarding the quality of rapport (Nash et al, 2016), or the nature of the interaction (Collins et al, 2002). Studies with children, however, did not include questions for assessing the rapport manipulation (Brown et al, 2013;Hardy & van Leeuwen, 2004;Roberts et al, 2004), probably because young children may find it difficult to answer such questions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapport: Little effect on children’s, adolescents’, and adults’ statement quantity, accuracy, and suggestibility

Sauerland

Brackmann

Otgaar

2018

Journal of Child Custody

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Rapport building is widely recommended in eyewitness interview situations and is a critical component in some interview protocols. However, empirical evidence on the effectiveness of rapport building on memory performance is scant. The current experiment examined the effects of different levels of rapport (none, minimal, extensive) on children's, adolescents', and adults' memory (N ¼ 229). Participants viewed a video of a mock theft and received one of three possible rapport manipulations. They then provided a free narrative of what they had seen, followed by 18 cued (suggestive and nonsuggestive) questions. In general, we found limited evidence of positive effects of rapport building on statement quantity and accuracy across age groups. Adolescents did profit more from extensive rapport building compared to no rapport. In line with the idea of a linear development of memory measures with age, adolescents generally fell in-between the other two age groups across different memory measures. The current study encourages systematic experimental research on the effect of rapport building on eyewitness memory.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapport: Little effect on children’s, adolescents’, and adults’ statement quantity, accuracy, and suggestibility

Sauerland

Brackmann

Otgaar

2018

Journal of Child Custody

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“…Judicious social decisions require monkeys to process quickly and efficiently large amounts of visual information. Closing the eyes, even for the duration of an eyeblink, has been shown to help cope with increased cognitive load2526. This might explain the significant increase in blinking rate that occurred in response to the segments of the video in which the stimulus monkeys displayed threatening or appeasing facial expressions directed at the viewer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social determinants of eyeblinks in adult male macaques

Ballesta

Mosher

Szép

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Videos with rich social and emotional content elicit natural social behaviors in primates. Indeed, while watching videos of conspecifics, monkeys engage in eye contact, gaze follow, and reciprocate facial expressions. We hypothesized that the frequency and timing of eyeblinks also depends on the social signals contained in videos. We monitored the eyeblinks of four male adult macaques while they watched videos of conspecifics displaying facial expressions with direct or averted gaze. The instantaneous blink rate of all four animals decreased during videos. The temporal synchrony of blinking, however, increased in response to segments depicting appeasing or aggressive facial expressions directed at the viewer. Two of the four monkeys, who systematically reciprocated the direct gaze of the stimulus monkeys, also showed eyeblink entrainment, a temporal coordination of blinking between social partners engaged in dyadic interactions. Together, our results suggest that in macaques, as in humans, blinking depends not only on the physiological imperative to protect the eyes and spread a film of tears over the cornea, but also on several socio-emotional factors.

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“…However, this interview comprises multiple mnemonics and instructions which can contribute differently to CI superiority effect (Griffiths & Milne, 2010). Even though procedures such as establishing rapport (Kieckhaefer, Vallano, & Compo, 2014;Nash, Nash, Morris, & Smith, 2015;Vallano & Compo, 2015), asking for an initial free report (Lamb, La Rooy, Malloy, & Katz, 2011) or mental reinstatement of context (Milne & Bull, 1999) have been found to be important techniques for obtaining more information, other CI components may be less effective. Change order and change perspective mnemonics which can be useful for some specific purposes such as increasing cognitive load (Vrij, Fisher, & Blank, 2015) are somewhat controversial procedures for enhancing recall, particularly the change perspective mnemonic (Boon & Noon, 1994;Brown, Lloyd-Jones, & Robinson, 2008;Clarke & Milne, 2001;Clifford & George, 1996;Dando, Wilcock, & Milne, 2008;Kebbell, Milne, & Wagstaff, 1999;Mello & Fisher, 1996).…”

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confidence: 99%

Enhancing the cognitive interview with an alternative procedure to witness-compatible questioning: category clustering recall

Paulo

Albuquerque

Vitorino

et al. 2017

Psychology, Crime & Law

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The Cognitive Interview (CI) is one of the most widely studied and used methods to interview witnesses. However, new component techniques for further increasing correct recall are still crucial. We focused on how a new and simpler interview strategy, Category Clustering Recall (CCR), could increase recall in comparison with witness-compatible questioning and tested if a Revised Cognitive Interview (RCI) with CCR instead of witness-compatible questioning and without the change order and change perspective mnemonics would be effective for this purpose. Participants watched a mock robbery video and were interviewed 48 hours later with either the CI or the RCI. Recalled information was classified as either correct, incorrect or confabulation. Although exclusion of the change order and change perspective mnemonics in the RCI group might have caused a slight decrease in recall during the last interview phases, the RCI group generally produced more correct information than the CI group, with a lower number of confabulations. Further analyses revealed CCR was largely responsible for this increase in correct recall. CCR is a very promising interview technique which allowed the interviewer to obtain more detailed information without additional questions and may have, in certain situations, several practical advantages over a questioning phase

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Does rapport‐building boost the eyewitness eyeclosure effect in closed questioning?

Cited by 29 publications

References 43 publications

Rapport: Little effect on children’s, adolescents’, and adults’ statement quantity, accuracy, and suggestibility

Rapport: Little effect on children’s, adolescents’, and adults’ statement quantity, accuracy, and suggestibility

Social determinants of eyeblinks in adult male macaques

Enhancing the cognitive interview with an alternative procedure to witness-compatible questioning: category clustering recall

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