“…Orthographic input can influence phonological representations in both the L1 (e.g., Bhide, Gadgil, Zelinsky, & Perfetti, 2014;Ehri & Wilce, 1980) and the L2 (e.g., Bassetti & Atkinson, 2015;Escudero, Hayes-Harb, & Mitterer, 2008;Jesry, 2005;Meng, 1998;Showalter & Hayes-Harb, 2013;Young-Scholten, 1997Young-Scholten & Langer, 2015). For example, although L2 learners of Chinese generally do not omit vowels in speech, they do when those vowels are not represented in the orthography of pinyin, an alphabetic writing system that uses Roman letters to phonetically represent Chinese characters (Bassetti, 2006(Bassetti, , 2007Ye, Cui, & Lin, 1997).…”