Does relative out-group size in neighborhoods drive down associational life of Whites in the U.S.? Testing constrict, conflict and contact theories

Savelkoul, Michael; Hewstone, Miles; Scheepers, P.L.H.; Stolle, Dietlind

doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2015.01.013

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Moreover, the empirical link between the neighborhood context and feelings of threat are found to be inconclusive (e.g. Savelkoul et al, 2015), also dismissing threat as a mediating factor between the neighborhood context and neighborhood cohesion.…”

Section: Mediating Effects Of the Perceived Neighborhood Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions as the crucial link? The mediating role of neighborhood perceptions in the relationship between the neighborhood context and neighborhood cohesion

Laméris

Hipp

Tolsma

2018

Social Science Research

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This study examines the effects of neighborhood racial in-group size, economic deprivation and the prevalence of crime on neighborhood cohesion among U.S. whites. We explore to what extent residents' perceptions of their neighborhood mediate these macro-micro relationships. We use a recent individual-level data set, the American Social Fabric Study (2012/2013), enriched with contextual-level data from the U.S. Census Bureau (2010) and employ multi-level structural equation models. We show that the racial in-group size is positively related to neighborhood cohesion and that neighborhood cohesion is lower in communities with a high crime rate. Individuals' perceptions of the racial in-group size partly mediate the relationship between the objective racial in-group size and neighborhood cohesion. Residents' perceptions of unsafety from crime also appear to be a mediating factor, not only for the objective crime rate but also for the objective racial in-group size. This is in line with our idea that racial stereotypes link racial minorities to crime whereby neighborhoods with a large non-white population are perceived to be more unsafe. Residents of the same neighborhood differ in how they perceive the degree of economic decay of the neighborhood and this causes them to evaluate neighborhood cohesion differently, however perceptions of neighborhood economic decay do not explain the link between the objective neighborhood context and neighborhood cohesion.

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Section: Mediating Effects Of the Perceived Neighborhood Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions as the crucial link? The mediating role of neighborhood perceptions in the relationship between the neighborhood context and neighborhood cohesion

Laméris

Hipp

Tolsma

2018

Social Science Research

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“…We recently investigated the impact of the ethnic composition of people's neighborhood on their intergroup contact (measured by the ethnic composition of the respondents’ network of close friends) and, in turn, behavioral involvement in voluntary organizations (Savelkoul, Hewstone, Scheepers, & Stolle, ). This dimension of social capital has been linked to numerous positive societal outcomes (but see Portes & Vickstrom, , for a critical review regarding this claim).…”

Section: The Diversity Debate and The Missing Role Of Contactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of Diversity for Social Cohesion and Prejudice: The Missing Dimension of Intergroup Contact

Hewstone

2015

Journal of Social Issues

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152

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A controversial claim that diversity has negative consequences for trust and other outcomes spawned a contentious debate in sociology and political science, but was hardly noted in social psychology. I summarize the debate, and argue that the efficacy of direct, face‐to‐face intergroup contact as a means of reducing prejudice is a stark omission, as I illustrate with evidence of the association between diversity, on the one hand, and trust, prejudice, and social capital on the other. I also consider two other contributions of contact theory to this issue, namely that contact with members of one group has an impact on attitudes toward members of other groups; and that contact should be studied via social networks. Despite the importance I attach to contact, I note two “enemies of contact,” resegregation in ostensibly desegregated settings, and negatively valenced contact. Finally, I point to the kind of research we should do, in order to increase the impact of our work on the public policy debate on this issue.

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“…Recent evidence indicates that local norms of mixing act to shape the occurrence, quality, and consequence of contact in residential areas (Christ et al, ). Furthermore, the higher the proportion of the minority within a neighborhood, the more opportunity for intergroup contact and the more positive the intergroup perceptions (Savelkoul, Hewstone, Scheepers, & Stolle, ; Schmid et al, ). If an individual has preexisting ties with the outgroup, or if an influx of new residents increases these links, the effect will be positive (Laurence, ).…”

Section: The Impacts Of Residential Diversificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Contact is often assumed rather than measured (Stolle & Harell, ), while the effects of mixing on the actual social interactions between residents of specific neighborhoods is largely ignored (Marschall & Stolle, ). Researchers in the area have repeatedly called for an examination of case studies of residential life in specific neighborhood contexts as well as an examination of the effects of mixing on the perceptions, actions, and identities of their residents (Savelkoul et al, ; Stolle, Soroka, & Johnston, ; Tolsma, Van der Meer, & Gesthuizen, ).…”

Section: The Impacts Of Residential Diversificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighborhood Identity Helps Residents Cope with Residential Diversification: Contact in Increasingly Mixed Neighborhoods of Northern Ireland

Stevenson

Easterbrook

Harkin

et al. 2018

Political Psychology

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Research on residential diversification has mainly focused on its negative impacts upon community cohesion and positive effects on intergroup relations. However, these analyses ignore how neighborhood identity can shape the consequences of diversification among residents. Elsewhere, research using the Applied Social Identity Approach (ASIA) has demonstrated the potential for neighborhood identity to provide social and psychological resources to cope with challenges. The current article proposes a novel model whereby these "Social Cure" processes can enable residents to cope with the specific challenges of diversification. We present two studies in support of this model, each from the increasingly religiously desegregated society of postconflict Northern Ireland. Analysis of the 2012 "Northern Ireland Life and Times" survey shows that across Northern Ireland, neighborhood identity impacts positively upon both well-being and intergroup attitudes via a reduction in intergroup anxiety. A second custom-designed survey of residents in a newly mixed area of Belfast shows that neighborhood identification predicts increased well-being, reduced intergroup anxiety, and reduced prejudice independently of group norms and experiences of contact. For political psychologists, our evidence suggests a reformulation of the fundamental question of "what effects do residential mixing have on neighborhoods?" to "how can neighborhood communities support residents to collectively cope with contact?" KEY WORDS: social identity, intergroup contact, residential mixing, Social Cure, intergroup anxiety bs_bs_banner

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Does relative out-group size in neighborhoods drive down associational life of Whites in the U.S.? Testing constrict, conflict and contact theories

Cited by 16 publications

References 57 publications

Perceptions as the crucial link? The mediating role of neighborhood perceptions in the relationship between the neighborhood context and neighborhood cohesion

Perceptions as the crucial link? The mediating role of neighborhood perceptions in the relationship between the neighborhood context and neighborhood cohesion

Consequences of Diversity for Social Cohesion and Prejudice: The Missing Dimension of Intergroup Contact

Neighborhood Identity Helps Residents Cope with Residential Diversification: Contact in Increasingly Mixed Neighborhoods of Northern Ireland

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