Does selection for growth rate in broilers affect their resistance and tolerance to Eimeria maxima?

Sakkas, Panagiotis; Oikeh, Idiegberanoise; Blake, Damer P.; Nolan, Matthew J.; Bailey, Richard; Oxley, Anthony; Rychlı́k, Ivan; Lietz, Georg; Kyriazakis, Ι.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.06.014

Cited by 41 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Recently, a study by Sakkas et al 36 In accordance with our study, they show a significant increase in the numbers of CD4+ lymphocytes at d13 pi in slow-growing broilers. However, unlike our study they report no difference in the number of CD8+ lymphocytes at the same time point.…”

Section: Genesupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Recently, a study by Sakkas et al also reported a difference in pathology (as assessed by intestinal morphology) in fast growing Ross 308 and slower growing Ranger Classic broilers following E. maxima infection. In Ross 308, villi length and crypt depth were significantly decreased following E. maxima infection, compared with slower growing Ranger Classic broilers, at both d6 and 13 pi and this was not affected by oocyst dose (2500 or 7000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Differential immune response to Eimeria maxima infection in fast‐ and slow‐growing broiler genotypes

Giles

Sakkas

Belkhiri

et al. 2019

Parasite Immunology

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Very little has been reported comparing resistance to coccidiosis in fast or slow growing broilers, the latter of which are becoming more prevalent in the broiler industry. We examined mRNA expression in the intestines of fast and slow growing broilers following Eimeria infection. We show that by day 13 post‐infection (d pi) with 2500 or 7000 oocysts of Eimeria maxima, slower‐growing (Ranger Classic) broilers significantly (P < 0.01) upregulated expression of proinflammatory cyclooxygenase genes (LTB4DH, PTSG1 and PTSG2) above that detected in fast growing (Ross 308) broilers. Expression of CD8α mRNA was downregulated in Ross 308 at day 6d pi with either 2500 or 7000 oocysts of E maxima (P < 0.05), compared to uninfected controls, but was not differentially expressed in Ranger Classic. CD4 genes were not differentially expressed in either chicken line infected with either infectious oocyst dose at d6 pi, compared to uninfected controls. However, at d13 pi, CD4 expression was significantly upregulated in both chicken lines infected with either infectious oocyst dose, compared to uninfected controls (P < 0.05) but this was significantly greater in Ranger Classic broilers compared to Ross 308 (P < 0.05). At d13 pi, expression of CD3 chains (required for T lymphocyte activation) was significantly increased in Ranger Classic compared to Ross 308, infected with either oocyst dose (P < 0.05‐0.01). Expression of IL‐2 and IL‐15 mRNA, required for T lymphocyte proliferation was also significantly upregulated, or maintained longer, in Ranger Classic broilers compared to Ross 308. These differences in immune response to E maxima corresponded with a reduction in E maxima genome detected in the intestines of Ranger Classic compared to Ross 308.

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Section: Genesupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Differential immune response to Eimeria maxima infection in fast‐ and slow‐growing broiler genotypes

Giles

Sakkas

Belkhiri

et al. 2019

Parasite Immunology

Self Cite

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“…Bones were subjected to a 3-point break test using an Instron testing machine (Instron 3340 Series Single Column-Bluehill 3) using previously employed methodology (10,11) . Broken tibias were boiled for 300 s in deionized water at 100 °C to facilitate removal of cartilage caps and bones were split in half for manual removal of the bone marrow.…”

Section: Bone Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Malabsorptive coccidiosis, caused by infection with species such as Eimeria maxima and E. acervulina which affect the small intestine, is characterized by inflammation and intestinal epithelium damage, impaired absorption of fat, calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) (5,6) , and long bone mineralisation (7,8,9) . Our previous study has indicated that Eimeria maxima infection adversely impacts bone development with effects being more pronounced at later stages of infection, long after birds have recovered and caught up with the performance of their non-infected counterparts (d13 postinfection; pi) (10) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dietary fat is digested in the small intestine in both avian and mammalian species (22) . Although fatty acids are drained directly into the portal blood system instead of the lymph and as portomicrons instead of chylomicrons in birds as opposed to mammals (23,24) , malabsorptive eimerian infections are accompanied by a pronounced depression of fat digestibility (18,25) and circulating levels of fat soluble vitamins A and E (10) . VitD has been associated with immunomodulatory roles through the production of antimicrobial peptides, cytokine responses and disease outcomes (26) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary vitamin D improves performance and bone mineralisation, but increases parasite replication and compromises gut health in Eimeria-infected broilers

et al. 2019

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Coccidial infections reduce fat-soluble vitamin status and bone mineralisation in broiler chickens. We hypothesised that broilers infected with Eimeria maxima would benefit from increased dietary supplementation with vitamin D (vitD) or with 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D3 or 25D3). Broilers were assigned to diets with low (L) or commercial (M) vitD levels (25 v. 100 μg/kg) supplemented as cholecalciferol (D3) or 25D3. At day 11 of age, birds were inoculated with water or 7000 E. maxima oocysts. Pen performance was calculated over the early (days 1–6), acute (days 7–10) and recovery periods (days 11–14) post-infection (pi). At the end of each period, six birds per treatment were dissected to assess long bone mineralisation, plasma levels of 25D3, Ca and P, and intestinal histomorphometry. Parasite replication and transcription of cytokines IL-10 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were assessed at day 6 pi using quantitative PCR. Performance, bone mineralisation and plasma 25D3 levels were significantly reduced during infection (P < 0·05). M diets or diets with 25D3 raised plasma 25D3, improved performance and mineralisation (P < 0·05). Offering L diets compromised feed efficiency pi, reduced femur breaking strength and plasma P levels at day 10 pi in infected birds (P < 0·05). Contrastingly, offering M diets or diets with 25D3 resulted in higher parasite loads (P < 0·001) and reduced jejunal villi length at day 10 pi (P < 0·01), with no effect on IL-10 or IFN-γ transcription. Diets with M levels or 25D3 improved performance and mineralisation, irrespective of infection, while M levels further improved feed efficiency and mineralisation in the presence of coccidiosis.

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Effect of a multi-strains yeast fractions product plus anticoccidial drug on performance, anticoccidial index, intestinal health, and bone mineralization of broiler chickens infected with Eimeria spp

et al. 2022

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Does selection for growth rate in broilers affect their resistance and tolerance to Eimeria maxima?

Abstract: Graphical abstract

Cited by 41 publications

References 89 publications

Differential immune response to Eimeria maxima infection in fast‐ and slow‐growing broiler genotypes

Differential immune response to Eimeria maxima infection in fast‐ and slow‐growing broiler genotypes

Dietary vitamin D improves performance and bone mineralisation, but increases parasite replication and compromises gut health in Eimeria-infected broilers

Effect of a multi-strains yeast fractions product plus anticoccidial drug on performance, anticoccidial index, intestinal health, and bone mineralization of broiler chickens infected with Eimeria spp

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