Does Self-Compassion Protect Adolescents from Stress?

Bluth, Karen; Roberson, Patricia N. E.; Gaylord, Susan; Faurot, Keturah R.; Grewen, Karen; Arzon, Samantha; Girdler, Susan S.

doi:10.1007/s10826-015-0307-3

Cited by 127 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…In keeping with what has been reported in the literature, the current data suggest that adolescent girls who recall being loved, cared for, safe and valued as a child, present higher self- reassurance 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 abilities and less body image shame and disordered eating. Our findings further suggest that self-reassuring abilities may protect against the impact of negative interpersonal experiences, which is also in line with prior research demonstrating the beneficial effect of self-compassion abilities in adolescents' mental health (Bluth et al, 2016). There is consistent evidence that bullying experiences are a common hazard among adolescents, and are associated with mental health problems, especially body image and eating related problems in adolescent girls (Engström & Norring, 2002;Kaltiala-Heino, Rimpelä, Rantanen, & Rimpelä, 2000;Menzel et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Self-reassurance, in turn, may deter the engagement in maladaptive defensive strategies (e.g., pathological dieting) to cope with bullying and shame feelings (Baumeister & Leary, 1995;Baldwin & Dandeneau, 2005;Gillbert et al, 2006;Matos et al, 2015;Richter et al, 2009). In fact, a recent study demonstrated that adolescents with higher levels of self-compassion present higher emotional wellbeing and lower stress in response to social stressors (Bluth et al, 2016). Nonetheless, to our knowledge, there are no studies on the role that early interpersonal experiences play on positive self-regulation through selfreassurance and body image and eating behaviour in adolescence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Can Self-Reassurance Buffer against the Impact of Bullying? Effects on Body Shame and Disordered Eating in Adolescence

Duarte

Pinto‐Gouveia

2016

J Child Fam Stud

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Bullying experiences are associated with body image and eating-related problems. Nonetheless, research on possible resilience factors is scant. The current study tested a path model examining the association between emotional memories of experiences of warmth and safeness, and self-reassuring abilities, and whether these abilities moderate the impact of bullying experiences on body image shame and eating psychopathology.We tested this model in a nonclinical sample of 609 adolescent girls aged 12-18 years. The examined model accounted for 22% of body image shame variance and 51% of eating psychopathology variance. Memories of warmth and safeness were significantly associated with self-reassurance, and negatively linked to body image shame and eating psychopathology. Self-reassurance significantly moderated the association between bullying experiences and both body image shame and eating psychopathology. The present findings suggest the relevance of assessing the quality of interpersonal experiences reported by adolescents and their potential association with self-reassuring abilities. Moreover, these results suggest that the ability to reassure and soothe the self may have a buffering effect against the negative impact of bullying experiences on adolescents' body image and eating behaviours.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Self-Reassurance Buffer against the Impact of Bullying? Effects on Body Shame and Disordered Eating in Adolescence

Duarte

Pinto‐Gouveia

2016

J Child Fam Stud

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“…In recent research, self-compassion has emerged as a potential protective factor of negative emotional states in both adults and adolescents (Bluth et al, 2016; Galla, 2016; Marshall et al, 2014; Raes, 2011; Samaie & Farahani, 2011; Zeller et al, 2015). In this study, we aimed to contribute to the adolescent self-compassion literature by investigating: 1) whether age and/or gender in adolescence were differentially associated with self-compassion, and 2) if self-compassion was associated with indicators of well-being, whether this association differed according to age and gender.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, in experimental study designs, self-compassion has been reported to be protective when experiencing unpleasant events (Leary, Tate, Adams, Allen & Hancock, 2007), anxiety (Neff, Kirkpatrick & Rude, 2007) and laboratory social stressors (Arch et al, 2014; Breines et al, 2014, 2015). When experiencing laboratory social stressors, those higher in self-compassion or those who had experienced a self-compassion induction prior to the laboratory assessment evidenced a lower physiological stress response to the stressor (Arch et al, 2015, Bluth et al, 2016, Breines et al, 2014, 2015). Additional longitudinal studies are needed to help determine the direction of these effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, in a study of adolescents receiving child protective services, where self-compassion and other psychological variables were assessed at the two-year follow-up, lower self-compassion was associated with greater psychological distress, problem alcohol abuse, and suicide attempts (Tanaka, Wekerle, Schmuck, & Pagila-Boak, 2011). In the only study to date on stress-related biomarkers in the context of adolescents’ self-compassion, results demonstrated a trend towards overall lower physiological stress responses (i.e., lower systolic blood pressure, heart rate increase, and cortisol output) in the group with higher self-compassion (Bluth et al, 2016). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Age and Gender Differences in the Associations of Self-Compassion and Emotional Well-being in A Large Adolescent Sample

Bluth

Campo

Futch

et al. 2016

J Youth Adolescence

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184

112

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Adolescence is a challenging developmental period marked with declines in emotional well-being; however, self-compassion has been suggested as a protective factor. This cross-sectional survey study (N=765, grades 7th to 12th; 53% female; 4% Hispanic ethnicity; 64% White and 21% Black) examined whether adolescents’ self-compassion differed by age and gender, and secondly, whether its associations with emotional well-being (perceived stress, life satisfaction, distress intolerance, depressive symptoms, and anxiety) also differed by age and gender. The findings indicated that older females had the lowest self-compassion levels compared to younger females or all-age males. Self-compassion was associated with all emotional well-being measures, and gender and/or age moderated the associations with anxiety and depressive symptoms. Among older adolescents, self-compassion had a greater protective effect on anxiety for boys than for girls. Additionally, older adolescents with low and average self-compassion had greater levels of depressive symptoms than those with high self-compassion. These results may inform for whom and at what age self-compassion interventions may be implemented to protect adolescents from further declines in emotional well-being.

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Sex differences among U.S. high school students in the associations of screen time, cyberbullying, and suicidality: A mediation analysis of cyberbullying victimization using the Youth Risk Behavioural Surveillance Survey 2021

Feng,

Liu,

Jung

et al. 2024

Community & Applied Soc Psy

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The objective of the study is to explore the associations of screen time, cyberbullying victimization, and suicidality during the COVID‐19 pandemic in female and male high school schools, especially the sex differences in the mediation effect of cyberbullying on the relation between screen time and suicidality. This study analysed the direct paths and mediation effects between variables among the 13,982 participants (female: 49%; male: 51%; age 15–17: 74%) in the Youth Risk Behaviour Survey 2021 (YRBS) using the Structural Equation Model and the Monte Carlo methods in Stata. Multiple‐group analysis was conducted to compare sex differences in the mediation effects. Elevated screen time increased the likelihood of suicide ideation (male: OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.26–1.79; female: OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.28–1.70), suicide plan (male: OR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.29–1.89; female: OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.24–1.69), suicide attempts (female: OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.02–1.48). Cyberbully victims had higher odds of suicide ideation (female: OR: 3.69, 95% CI: 3.25–4.17; male: OR: 4.50; 95% CI: 3.80–5.34), suicide plan (female: OR: 3.74; 95% CI: 3.28–4.25; male: OR: 5.03; 95% CI: 4.22–6.01), and suicide attempt (female: OR: 4.24; 95% CI: 3.66–4.92; male: OR: 4.70; 95% CI: 3.81–5.79). Sex differences were revealed in the mediation effects on suicide ideations (χ2(2) = 8.72, p < .05), suicide attempts (χ2(2) = 8.80, p < .05), and suicide overall (χ2(2) = 6.42, p < .05), where the effects were stronger in female students than in males. Screen time and cyberbullying victimization were directly associated with suicide‐related behaviours in adolescents. Cyberbullying victimization in females had stronger mediation effects than in males. These findings emphasized the importance of understanding the new hybrid psychosocial dynamics and creating a healthy hybrid psychosocial environment, especially for female adolescents.

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Does Self-Compassion Protect Adolescents from Stress?

Cited by 127 publications

References 54 publications

Can Self-Reassurance Buffer against the Impact of Bullying? Effects on Body Shame and Disordered Eating in Adolescence

Can Self-Reassurance Buffer against the Impact of Bullying? Effects on Body Shame and Disordered Eating in Adolescence

Age and Gender Differences in the Associations of Self-Compassion and Emotional Well-being in A Large Adolescent Sample

Sex differences among U.S. high school students in the associations of screen time, cyberbullying, and suicidality: A mediation analysis of cyberbullying victimization using the Youth Risk Behavioural Surveillance Survey 2021

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