Does self-compassion protect adolescents who are victimized or suffer from academic difficulties from depression?

Lahtinen, Oskari; Järvinen, Elina; Kumlander, Sonja; Salmivalli, Christina

doi:10.1080/17405629.2019.1662290

Cited by 12 publications

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References 38 publications

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“…That is, bullying victimization can exacerbate sadness in LBC by hindering the development of self‐compassion. Self‐compassion is a positive and healthy emotion regulation strategy that can neutralize the uncomfortable emotional experience caused by negative interpersonal interactions and has achieved the effect of preserving optimism (Lahtinen et al, 2020; Neff, 2003). However, negative interpersonal experiences and ongoing victimization have negative effects on self‐compassion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Self‐compassion is a positive and powerful emotion regulation strategy that specifically refers to complete acceptance of oneself during pain, allowing individuals to face painful life experiences positively and well (Neff, 2003). Previous research has found that self‐compassion as an emotion regulation strategy maintains self‐worth when individuals experience interpersonal problems (Gilbert, 2014), enhances optimism, and effectively reduces negative emotions such as depression (Baker et al, 2019; Lahtinen et al, 2020). Similarly, child maltreatment impairs one's capacity for self‐compassion (Huh et al, 2017), may lead to difficulties in regulating negative emotions, and raise the risk of depression (Tao et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Longitudinal relationship between child maltreatment, bullying victimization, depression, and nonsuicidal self‐injury among left‐behind children in China: 2‐year follow‐up

Yan,

Ding,

Wang

et al. 2023

J Clin Psychol

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BackgroundLeft‐behind childre (LBC) in China are deeply concerned by society because of their high risk of emotional and behavioral problems. Depression and nonsuicidal self‐injury are the most harmful and worrying negative emotional and behavioral problems in LBC. Unfortunately, LBCs are in unfavorable environments for a long time and are prone to negative interpersonal interactions. Child maltreatment and bullying victimization, as the two most typical negative interpersonal interactions in family and school environments, maybe the key risk factors for depression and nonsuicidal self‐injury among LBCs. However, we are less known of the longitudinal effects of child maltreatment and bullying victimization on LBC's depression and nonsuicidal self‐injury and their underlying mechanisms.AimsThis study used a two‐year longitudinal design with three‐time points to investigate the longitudinal effects of child maltreatment and bullying victimization on depression, nonsuicidal self‐injury, and the mediating role of negative thoughts and self‐compassion.Materials & MethodsA sample of 592 LBC (390 were males, Mage at time 1 = 9.56, SDage = 0.65; 202 were females, Mage at time 1 = 9.43, SDage = 0.63) completed a set of questionnaires at three‐time points. This study used SPSS software (version 25.0) and MPLUS software (version 8.3) for all analyses.Results(1) Child maltreatment not only affects depression and nonsuicidal self‐injury but also affects depression and nonsuicidal self‐injury through negative thoughts. Child maltreatment affects depression through self‐compassion and does not affect nonsuicidal self‐injury. (2) Bullying victimization affects depression and nonsuicidal self‐injury through negative thoughts and bullying victimization further affects depression through self‐compassion but does not affect nonsuicidal self‐injury.ConclusionThis study revealed the effects of negative interpersonal interactions (child maltreatment, bullying victimization) on LBC's adverse emotions and behaviors, and their underlying mechanisms, which helps to provide parents, schools, and psychoeducational workers with a new perspective on intervention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal relationship between child maltreatment, bullying victimization, depression, and nonsuicidal self‐injury among left‐behind children in China: 2‐year follow‐up

Yan,

Ding,

Wang

et al. 2023

J Clin Psychol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Adolescents with high levels of self-compassion not only experienced a weaker impact of maternal anxiety, but also reported less psychological maladjustment regardless of their mother's emotional status. Self-compassion is considered an adaptive self-regulatory skill, especially for adolescents (28). When exposed to maternal anxiety, adolescents with higher levels of self-compassion may show more understanding of the negative emotions they witnessed in their mothers (i.e., "mother is facing more stress during the COVID-19, so she is in a bad mood") and hold fewer harsh judgments and more self-kindness for themselves also.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A meta-analysis of 19 studies conducted with adolescents found a large effect size for a negative relationship between self-compassion and psychological distress (indexed by anxiety, depression, and stress) (27), which indicated a protective effect of self-compassion for adolescents when met with personal challenges or difficult life circumstances. Evidence from empirical studies also supports the protective role of self-compassion in adolescents (28,29). For example, Latinen et al (28) found that, among high school students, selfcompassion could alleviate the relationship between academic difficulties and depressive symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Evidence from empirical studies also supports the protective role of self-compassion in adolescents (28,29). For example, Latinen et al (28) found that, among high school students, selfcompassion could alleviate the relationship between academic difficulties and depressive symptoms. A longitudinal study found that self-compassion served as a protective factor in preventing the transition from suicidal ideation to suicide attempt in Chinese adolescents (29).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Maternal Anxiety Symptoms and Chinese Adolescents' Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Protective Role of Adolescents' Self-Compassion

et al. 2022

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The COVID-19 outbreak triggered dramatic changes to family life. Parents, especially mothers, were found to experience more psychological distress during the pandemic, which may have had an impact on their children's mental health. The primary goal of this study was to examine the potential protective role of adolescents' self-compassion in the relationship between maternal anxiety and adolescents' mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants included 5,720 adolescents (48.9% girls; Mage = 11.60, SDage = 1.36) and their mothers from Zhengzhou city, Henan province, in Mainland China. Adolescents reported their level of self-compassion, PTSD symptoms, and negative affect during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mothers reported their own anxiety symptoms and their children's depression and anxiety symptoms. Results indicated that older female adolescents reported higher levels of PTSD symptoms and negative affect and lower levels of self-compassion than their counterparts. Maternal anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic was consistently positively associated with adolescents' psychological maladjustment. These associations were buffered by adolescents' self-compassion. Specifically, adolescents with higher levels of self-compassion were found to be less psychologically affected by their mothers' anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings highlighted the possibility of improving adolescents' mental health through fostering their self-compassion during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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On the Edge of Psychopathology: Strong Relations Between Reversed Self-compassion and Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression in Young People

Muris,

Fernández-Martínez,

Otgaar

2024

Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev

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Self-compassion is assumed to have a protective role in the etiology of emotional problems in adolescents. This assumption is primarily based on correlational data revealing negative correlations between the total score on the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and symptom measures of anxiety and depression. Recently, however, the SCS has been criticized because this scale not only consists of items measuring compassionate self-responding (i.e., self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness), but also includes ‘reversed’ items measuring uncompassionate self-responding (i.e., self-criticism, isolation, and overidentification), which would undermine the validity of the scale as an index of a protective construct. The present article used two methods to demonstrate that compassionate (positive) and uncompassionate (negative) self-responding have differential effects on emotional problems in youths. In the first part, a meta-analysis based on 16 relevant studies demonstrated a modest protective effect of positive self-compassion on anxiety/depression and a large (and significantly stronger) vulnerability effect of negative self-compassion on such emotional symptoms. In the second part, network analyses were conducted on three previously collected data sets and these analyses again showed that negative self-compassion is more closely connected to young people’s symptoms of anxiety and depression than positive self-compassion. It is argued that the observed differential effects should not be discarded as a subversive fallacy, but rather offer an opportunity for studying the role of self-compassion in adolescents’ emotional psychopathology in a more sophisticated way, taking into account both protection and vulnerability.

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Does self-compassion protect adolescents who are victimized or suffer from academic difficulties from depression?

Cited by 12 publications

References 38 publications

Longitudinal relationship between child maltreatment, bullying victimization, depression, and nonsuicidal self‐injury among left‐behind children in China: 2‐year follow‐up

Longitudinal relationship between child maltreatment, bullying victimization, depression, and nonsuicidal self‐injury among left‐behind children in China: 2‐year follow‐up

Maternal Anxiety Symptoms and Chinese Adolescents' Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Protective Role of Adolescents' Self-Compassion

On the Edge of Psychopathology: Strong Relations Between Reversed Self-compassion and Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression in Young People

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