Does strategy matter? A comparison of broadband rollout policies in Finland and Sweden

Building the Next Information Superhighway: a Critical Analysis of China's Recent National Broadband Plan

“…Broadband forerunners such as Sweden, Finland, Japan, and Korea took a proactive interventionist approach when they began their broadband rollouts; these approaches featured specific missions, achievable goals, and policies designed to achieve success (Eskelinen, Frank, & Hirvonen, 2008;Frieden, 2005;Lau, Kim, & Atkin, 2005). Now, there seems to be another international trend of using taxpayers' money to promote development of a next-generation broadband network.…”

Cooperative Private Next-Generation Access Deployment -- A Relational View

“…Thus, in discussing the related literature we will focus on the assessment of articles that have been published in highranking journals or conference proceedings. A major body of the identified articles is devoted to regulation policies and its effects on market players [2], [3], [12], [15], [29]. This literature has gained much attention among scientists and regulation authorities and contributed to a better understanding of measures which can be implied on legacy incumbent infrastructures.…”

Universal Service Policies in the Context of National Broadband Plans

“…Utility firms in some countries offer discounts to clients that pay their monthly bills online. A 2009 report by Price Waterhouse Cooper commissioned by the Digital Inclusion Taskforce in the United Kingdom 16 concluded that digitally excluded families are missing out on savings of USD 896 17 (GBP 560) per year from shopping and paying bills online. In addition, the study suggested, Internet access at home could boost total lifetime earnings of 1.6 million children in digitally excluded families by USD 17 billion (GBP 10.8 billion).…”

“…In countries like the United States, some higher education institutions may only accept online applications from prospect students, placing other applicants at significant disadvantage. 16 Price Waterhouse Coopers (2009) Member states are not permitted to impose on market players financial contributions which relate to measures which are not part of universal service obligations. Individual member states remain free to impose special measures (outside the scope of universal service obligations) and finance them in conformity with Community law but not by means of contributions from market players Outside of universal service obligations.…”

“…To implement these objectives the NBS contained 50 specific actions which were to be implemented between 2004 and 2007. Broadband in these early policy documents was understood as a wide umbrella concept covering communication services based on a variety of different transmission technologies and capable of delivering speeds of 256 Kbps or more. 16 Throughout the implementation of the NBS, broadband remained outside the scope of universal service provisions. This would change after the Finnish government approved a Plan of Action that raised the bar of broadband infrastructure and service provision in December 2008.…”